Fluvial maintenance operations in managed alluvial rivers
Fluvial maintenance operations in managed alluvial rivers
复制标题
管理冲积河流中的河流维护作业
DOI：
10.1002/aqc.3270050105
复制
发表时间：
1995
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
C. Thorne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Darby;C. Thorne
1
经常进行河流维护，以保持受管理河道的洪水容量、视觉舒适度、养护价值和地貌稳定性。维护任务包括河岸和河道内植被的管理和维护疏浚。
2
河岸植被传统上是通过物理方法管理的，如割草或移走树木。对环境危害较小的替代做法包括放牧或遮蔽草地，以及截头或截短树木等做法。
3
虽然河流管理人员通常可选择一系列对环境影响各不相同的替代性维护方法，但改善维护方法的潜力取决于所考虑的特定任务以及需要达到和保持防洪和土地排水服务目标标准的限制。
4
这一审查表明，与河流维护业务的经济和环境影响可能会减少在三个尺度。首先，在最小的规模，它表明，往往有潜力提高个别河流维护任务的当地业务效率。第二，可能会减少目前过度维修的河道河段的维修强度。第三，在最大的规模，它表明，有效的维护是最好的实现综合流域管理的框架内，并在新项目的设计阶段，以减少对河流维护的总体需求给予适当的考虑未来的维护要求。这些政策的实施，以减少对环境的影响，而不损害工程目标的方式的例子说明通过案例研究，从英国和美国。
1
Fluvial maintenance is frequently undertaken to preserve the flood capacity, visual amenity, conservation value and geomorphic stability of managed river channels. Maintenance tasks include the management of both riparian and in-channel vegetation and maintenance dredging.
2
Riparian vegetation is traditionally managed by physical methods such as cutting of grasses or removal of trees. Less environmentally severe alternative practices include grazing or shading for grasses, and practices such as pollarding or coppicing for trees.
3
While a range of alternative maintenance practices, with varying environmental impact, are usually available for river managers to select, the potential for improving maintenance practices varies according to the particular task considered and the constraints imposed by the need to reach and maintain the target standard of service in terms of flood defence and land drainage.
4
This review shows that economic and environmental impacts associated with fluvial maintenance operations may be reduced at three scales. First, at the smallest scale, it is shown that there is often potential for improving the local operational efficiency of individual fluvial maintenance tasks. Second, it may be possible to reduce the intensity of maintenance in channel reaches which are presently over-serviced. Third, at the largest scale, it is shown that efficient maintenance is best achieved within the framework of Integrated Basin Management, and by giving appropriate consideration to future maintenance requirements at the design stage of new projects to reduce the overall need for fluvial maintenance. Examples of the way in which these policies may be implemented to reduce environmental impact without compromising engineering objectives are illustrated through case studies from the UK and the USA.