Mapping urban underground potential in Dakar, Senegal: From the analytic hierarchy process to self-organizing maps
Mapping urban underground potential in Dakar, Senegal: From the analytic hierarchy process to self-organizing maps
复制标题
绘制塞内加尔达喀尔城市地下潜力图：从层次分析法到自组织地图
DOI：
10.1016/j.undsp.2019.04.004
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Doyle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Doyle
本文介绍了一种测绘方法，旨在为城市规划提供一个诊断性的概述城市地区的地下资源。一旦项目或计划制定完毕，资源潜力（可建空间、地下水或地质材料开采和地热能）往往只在需要的基础上进行调查。这种“需求到资源”的范式有可能有利于单一用途而不是多用途的地下开发，导致可能用途之间的不可预见的冲突（例如，含水层污染或基础设施拥挤）或潜在协同作用的不可逆转的损失（例如，建筑地基上的地热收集器）。瑞士洛桑联邦理工学院的“深城”项目一直致力于“资源满足需求”的替代模式，这是一种整体方法，将地下作为与地面开发协同作用的机会来源，以减少城市扩张，同时保护公共场所或公园。该方法结合了地质和地面城市数据，绘制了单独和综合资源潜力图，而没有优先考虑任何特定的规划目标。本次交流将通过2016年在塞内加尔达喀尔市进行的案例研究介绍该方法和所产生的地图。在首先总结了深城项目和制图方法之后，将介绍达喀尔的城市和地质条件，然后介绍深城方法的应用和结果。组合势图的计算是比较两种替代组合方法（层次分析法和自组织图（SOM））的机会。虽然映射方法不需要复杂的数据收集或分析，SOM可能更适合于处理大量的数据，并提供更有意义的三维地质和城市数据映射。
This article presents a mapping method that seeks to provide urban planning with a diagnostic overview of the underground resources of an urban area. Resource potentials (for buildable space, groundwater or geomaterial extraction and geothermal energy) tend to be investigated on a needs-only basis once a project or plan has already been elaborated. This paradigm of ‘needs to resources’ risks favoring single-use rather than multi-use underground development, leading to unforeseen conflicts between possible uses (e.g., pollution of an aquifer or congestion of infrastructure) or the irreversible loss of potential synergies (e.g., geothermal collectors on building foundations). The Deep City project at the EPFL in Switzerland has been working on an alternative paradigm of ‘resources to needs’, which is a holistic approach addressing the underground as a source of opportunity in synergy with surface development for curtailing urban sprawl while preserving public places or parks. The method, which combines geological and surface urban data, produces maps of individual and combined resource potentials without prioritizing any particular planning objective. This communication will present the method and the resulting maps through a case study conducted in 2016 in the city of Dakar, Senegal. After first summarizing the Deep City project and the mapping method, the urban and geological conditions of Dakar will be presented, followed by the application and results of the Deep City method. The calculation of the combined potentials map is an opportunity to compare two alternative methods of combination, the Analytic Hierarchy Process and Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs). Although the mapping method does not require complicated data collection or analysis, the SOM may be better suited both for dealing with larger quantities of data and for providing more meaningful mappings of geological and urban data in three dimensions.