Self-awareness, self-consciousness, and angry aggression.
Self-awareness, self-consciousness, and angry aggression.
复制标题
自我意识、自我意识和愤怒的攻击性。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-6494.1976.tb00142.x
复制
发表时间：
1976
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
M. Scheier
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Scheier
注意力既可以向外指向外部环境，也可以向内指向自我。当一个人把注意力集中在自己的思想、感觉或行为上时，他就处于自我意识的状态。自我意识可以通过多种方式诱导，例如，一个人可以暴露于他的录音带（Wicklund & Duval，1971），他在镜子中的形象（Ickes，Wicklund，& Ferris，1973），或者与他频繁眼神接触的突出观众（Scheier，Fenigstein，& Buss，1974）。所有这些操纵都将注意力引向内部。自我意识对很多行为都有影响。例如，最近的研究表明，提高自我意识会导致与积极参照群体的一致性增加（Wicklund & Duval，1971），决策前信息寻求增加（Wicklund & Ickes，1972），自尊心下降（Ickes et al.，1973年）。本研究的目的之一是研究自我意识对愤怒攻击的影响，从而将我们对愤怒攻击影响的认识扩展到情感反应领域。
Attention can be directed either outward toward the external environment or inward toward the self. When a person focuses his attention on his own thoughts, feelings, or behavior, he is said to be in a state of self-awareness.* Self-awareness can be induced in a variety of ways—eg, a person can be exposed to his taperecorded voice (Wicklund & Duval, 1971), to his image in a mirror (Ickes, Wicklund, & Ferris, 1973), or to a salient audience which makes frequent eye contact with him (Scheier, Fenigstein, & Buss, 1974). All these manipulations direct attention inward. Self-awareness has consequences for a wide range of behaviors. For example, recent studies have shown that heightened selfawareness results in increased agreement with a positive reference group (Wicklund & Duval, 1971), increased predecisional information seeking (Wicklund & Ickes, 1972), and decreased self-esteem (Ickes et al., 1973). One aim of the present research was to study the effect of self-awareness on angry aggression, thereby extending our knowledge of its effects to the domain of affective reactions.