The critical role of sleep spindles in hippocampal-dependent memory: a pharmacology study.
The critical role of sleep spindles in hippocampal-dependent memory: a pharmacology study.
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.3127-12.2013
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发表时间：
2013-03-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Drummond SP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mednick SC;McDevitt EA;Walsh JK;Wamsley E;Paulus M;Kanady JC;Drummond SP
睡眠的一个重要功能是巩固记忆，睡眠的特征，如快速眼动（REM）或睡眠纺锤波，已被证明与离散记忆域的改善相关。然而，由于调节睡眠的方法学困难，缺乏特定睡眠特征和人类记忆巩固之间的因果关系。在这里，我们通过直接的药物干预实验性地操纵白天小睡期间的特定睡眠特征。使用唑吡坦（安必恩），一种短效GABAA激动剂催眠药，我们发现与安慰剂和羟丁酸钠（xyrem）相比，睡眠纺锤体密度增加，REM睡眠减少。增加纺锤波的小睡产生了显著更好的言语记忆和显著更差的知觉学习，但不影响运动学习。实验纺锤波的振幅和频率与对照纺锤波相似，表明实验干预增强了正常的睡眠过程。此外，使用统计方法，我们证明了第一次在人类海马记忆性能的纺锤体的关键作用。记忆巩固的收益超过了单独的睡眠或控制条件，并证明了有针对性的，特殊的记忆增强的潜力，在健康的成年人与睡眠调节。
An important function of sleep is the consolidation of memories, and features of sleep, such as rapid eye movement (REM) or sleep spindles, have been shown to correlate with improvements in discrete memory domains. Because of the methodological difficulties in modulating sleep, however, a causal link between specific sleep features and human memory consolidation is lacking. Here, we experimentally manipulated specific sleep features during a daytime nap via direct pharmacological intervention. Using zolpidem (ambien), a short-acting GABAA agonist hypnotic, we show increased sleep spindle density and decreased REM sleep, compared to placebo and sodium oxybate (xyrem). Naps with increased spindles produced significantly better verbal memory and significantly worse perceptual learning, but did not affect motor learning. The experimental spindles were similar to control spindles in amplitude and frequency suggesting that the experimental intervention enhanced normal sleep processes. Furthermore, using statistical methods, we demonstrate for the first time a critical role of spindles in human hippocampal memory performance. The gains in memory consolidation exceed sleep alone or control conditions, and demonstrate the potential for targeted, exceptional memory enhancement in healthy adults with pharmacologically modified sleep.