Activity patterns and time budgets of Andean bears (Tremarctos ornatus) in the Apolobamba Range of Bolivia
Activity patterns and time budgets of Andean bears (Tremarctos ornatus) in the Apolobamba Range of Bolivia
复制标题
玻利维亚阿波洛班巴山脉安第斯熊（Tremarctos ornatus）的活动模式和时间预算
DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7998.2005.00019.x
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发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
D. Garshelis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Paisley;D. Garshelis
在玻利维亚北部Apolobamba山脉高海拔（3000-4000 m）混合草原-云雾森林环境中，研究了安第斯熊（或眼镜熊）Tremarctos ornatus的活动模式和时间预算。在1998年至1999年期间，捕获了两只雄性，安装了运动感应无线电项圈并进行了监测。和许多隐蔽的物种一样，安第斯熊被认为是夜行动物，但我们研究的两种熊都是昼行动物。熊的活动一般在06:00（接近日出）左右开始，持续到20:00-21:00（日落），在11:00-14:00期间活动减少。熊在白天休息1-2小时，通常在两个或更多的短时间内休息，晚上睡9-12小时。旱季（4 - 9月）和雨季（10 - 3月）的活动模式或时间预算差异不大。在所有小时和两个季节的平均时间里，每只熊有53%的时间是活跃的。这种活动水平与其他种类的熊相似（通常为50-60%），这表明要么安第斯熊很好地适应了生活在纤维凤梨花构成其大部分食物的环境中，要么我们研究的两只熊能够在那里生存只是因为它们都是体型较小的个体。
Activity patterns and time budgets of Andean (or spectacled) bears Tremarctos ornatus were examined in a high-altitude (3000–4000 m) mixed grassland–cloud forest environment in the Apolobamba Range of northern Bolivia. Two males were captured, fitted with motion-sensitive radio-collars and monitored during 1998–1999. As with many cryptic species, Andean bears had been assumed to be nocturnal, but both bears in our study were diurnal. Activity generally began around 06:00 h (near sunrise) and lasted until 20:00–21:00 h (sunset), with reduced activity during 11:00–14:00 h. Bears rested for 1–2 h during daylight hours, generally in two or more brief periods, and slept 9–12 h at night. Few differences were observed between activity patterns or time budgets during the dry season (April–September) and rainy season (October–March). Averaged across all hours and both seasons, each bear was active 53% of the time. This level of activity was similar to that of other species of bears (generally 50–60%), suggesting either that Andean bears are well adapted to living in an environment where fibrous bromeliads constitute the bulk of their diet or that our two study bears could subsist there only because they were both small-sized individuals.
Nagahama，Y.：动物学。
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