An experimental approach to addressing ecological questions related to the conservation of plant biodiversity in China.
An experimental approach to addressing ecological questions related to the conservation of plant biodiversity in China.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.pld.2015.12.001
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发表时间：
2016-02
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Harrower WL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Turkington R;Harrower WL
我们简要介绍和描述了7个与群落结构和生物多样性保护相关的问题，这些问题可以通过野外实验来解决，并提供了利用中国广阔的地理多样性、生物多样性和自然保护区网络来进行这些实验的背景。中国是世界第三大国，地形多样，涵盖从寒温带到热带的五个气候带，拥有从北极/高山冻原和沙漠到热带雨林的18个植被生物群落，并支持温带北方半球最丰富的生物多样性（>世界总数的10%）。但是，这一巨大的自然资源正受到无情的攻击，有可能破坏生物多样性，并对生态系统提供的服务产生负面影响。为了防止生物多样性的丧失，中国建立了2729个自然保护区，占全国面积的14.84%。不幸的是，资金不足、管理不善、非法活动、入侵物种和全球气候变化威胁着这些保护区的有效性。注意力集中于在物种或生境退化和丧失之前保护物种及其生境。在这里，我们认为，我们必须超越对生态系统的简单保护，超越对它们的描述，并通过实验，试图了解生态系统是如何工作的。这种新的理解将使我们能够设计保护计划，对受损或退化的地区进行恢复，并解决资源管理问题（例如，农业、伐木、采矿、狩猎）的方法比目前对生态和环境问题采取临时反应的方法更有效。我们认为，提高我们对自然的理解，最好是使用精心设计的，复制的，通常是操纵性的实地实验。
We briefly introduce and describe seven questions related to community structure and biodiversity conservation that can be addressed using field experiments, and provide the context for using the vast geographic diversity, biodiversity, and network of Nature Reserves in China to perform these experiments. China is the world's third largest country, has a diverse topography, covers five climatic zones from cold-temperate to tropical, has 18 vegetation biomes ranging from Arctic/alpine tundra and desert to Tropical rain forest, and supports the richest biodiversity in the temperate northern hemisphere (>10% of the world total). But this tremendous natural resource is under relentless assault that threatens to destroy biodiversity and negatively impact the services ecosystems provide. In an attempt to prevent the loss of biodiversity, China has established 2729 nature reserves which cover 14.84% of the nation's area. Unfortunately underfunding, mismanagement, illegal activities, invasive species and global climate change threaten the effectiveness of these protected areas. Attention has focused on protecting species and their habitats before degradation and loss of either species or habitats occur. Here we argue that we must move beyond the simple protection of ecosystems, beyond their description, and by using experiments, try to understand how ecosystems work. This new understanding will allow us to design conservation programs, perform restoration of damaged or degraded areas, and address resource management concerns (e.g., agriculture, logging, mining, hunting) more effectively than with the current approach of ad hoc reactions to ecological and environmental problems. We argue that improving our understanding of nature can best be done using well designed, replicated, and typically manipulative field experiments.
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影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Costanza, R;dArge, R;vandenBelt, M
通讯作者：
vandenBelt, M
藏北高寒草原生态系统保护与恢复取得重大成果
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Gao, Qing-zhu;Li, Yue;Wang, Bao-shan
通讯作者：
Wang, Bao-shan
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
FRETWELL, SD
通讯作者：
FRETWELL, SD
影响因子：
10.3
作者：
Duffy, J. Emmett
通讯作者：
Duffy, J. Emmett
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
HAIRSTON, NG;SMITH, FE;SLOBODKIN, LB
通讯作者：
SLOBODKIN, LB