Error-driven learning in statistical summary perception.
Error-driven learning in statistical summary perception.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1037/xhp0000132
复制
发表时间：
2016-02
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Taylor JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fan JE;Turk-Browne NB;Taylor JA
我们经常同时与多个物体互动，例如在平衡餐盘上的食物和饮料时。这些交互的成功不仅依赖于表示单个对象，还依赖于组的统计汇总特征（例如，质心）。虽然之前的研究已经证实人类可以轻松准确地提取此类统计摘要特征，但如何通过经验获得和完善这种能力目前仍未得到解决。在这里我们问培训和任务反馈是否可以提高总结感知。在培训期间，参与者练习估计触摸屏显示器上一组对象的质心（即平均位置）。训练前后，他们完成了需要对质心进行知觉辨别的转移测试。在四个实验中，我们操纵了任务反馈中的信息以及参与者在训练期间如何与对象交互。我们发现，矢量误差反馈在距离和方向上传达误差，是改善转移测试中质心感知辨别力的唯一反馈形式。此外，这种形式的反馈只有在与朝向视觉对象的动作相结合时才有效。总而言之，这些发现表明，感官预测错误（表明行动的预期结果与实际结果之间的不匹配）可能在调整感知表征方面发挥着以前未被认识到的作用。
We often interact with multiple objects at once, such as when balancing food and beverages on a dining tray. The success of these interactions relies upon representing not only individual objects, but also statistical summary features of the group (e.g., center-of-mass). While previous research has established that humans can readily and accurately extract such statistical summary features, how this ability is acquired and refined through experience currently remains unaddressed. Here we ask if training and task feedback can improve summary perception. During training, participants practiced estimating the centroid (i.e., average location) of an array of objects on a touchscreen display. Before and after training, they completed a transfer test requiring perceptual discrimination of the centroid. Across four experiments, we manipulated the information in task feedback and how participants interacted with the objects during training. We found that vector error feedback, which conveys error both in terms of distance and direction, was the only form of feedback that improved perceptual discrimination of the centroid on the transfer test. Moreover, this form of feedback was effective only when coupled with reaching movements towards the visual objects. Taken together, these findings suggest that sensory-prediction error — signaling the mismatch between expected and actual consequences of an action — may play a previously unrecognized role in tuning perceptual representations.