The history of Makassan trepang fishing and trade.
The history of Makassan trepang fishing and trade.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0011346
复制
发表时间：
2010-06-29
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Ferse SC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schwerdtner Máñez K;Ferse SC
马来语术语海参描述了一种可食用的海参，通常被称为海参。虽然发现于世界各地的温带和热带海域，但物种多样性和丰度的中心是东南亚岛屿的浅海水域。至少300年来，海参在中国市场上一直是一种价格很高的商品。最初，它的渔业和贸易是一项专门的业务，以南苏拉威西(印度尼西亚)的Makassar镇为中心。17世纪海参渔业的兴起为东南亚诸岛周围富饶的浅海增加了宝贵的出口商品。这使当地社区成为大型贸易网络的一部分，并极大地支持了他们的经济发展。在这篇文章中，我们跟踪马卡桑海参的捕捞和贸易，从它的开始，直到20世纪渔业的工业化和全球海参的枯竭。因此，我们确定了海参捕捞与其他海洋资源开发的一些共同特征，包括(1)国际市场的强大影响力，(2)赞助人-客户关系的作用，这严重影响了资源的选择，以及(3)流动--海盗--综合征，即渔民开发当地有价值的资源，直到它们耗尽，然后转移到另一个区域。我们认为，了解海洋资源的历史开发和近期开发之间的异同是实现有效管理解决办法的重要一步。
The Malayan term trepang describes a variety of edible holothurians commonly known as sea cucumbers. Although found in temperate and tropical marine waters all over the world, the centre of species diversity and abundance are the shallow coastal waters of Island Southeast Asia. For at least 300 years, trepang has been a highly priced commodity in the Chinese market. Originally, its fishing and trade was a specialized business, centred on the town of Makassar in South Sulawesi (Indonesia). The rise of trepang fishing in the 17th century added valuable export merchandize to the rich shallow seas surrounding the islands of Southeast Asia. This enabled local communities to become part of large trading networks and greatly supported their economic development. In this article, we follow Makassan trepang fishing and trading from its beginning until the industrialization of the fishery and worldwide depletion of sea cucumbers in the 20th century. Thereby, we identify a number of characteristics which trepang fishing shares with the exploitation of other marine resources, including (1) a strong influence of international markets, (2) the role of patron-client relationships which heavily influence the resource selection, and (3) the roving-bandit-syndrome, where fishermen exploit local stocks of valuable resources until they are depleted, and then move to another area. We suggest that understanding the similarities and differences between historical and recent exploitation of marine resources is an important step towards effective management solutions.
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Hodgson, G
通讯作者：
Hodgson, G