Individualized Binaural Technology: Measurement, Equalization and Perceptual Evaluation
Individualized Binaural Technology: Measurement, Equalization and Perceptual Evaluation
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个性化双耳技术：测量、均衡和感知评估
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
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通讯作者：
M. Vorländer
中科院分区：
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作者：
B. Masiero;M. Vorländer
在这项工作中，个性化的重要性，在双耳技术进行了调查。结果扩展了目前的知识，有效地测量个人头部相关的传递函数（HRTF），并突出了个人均衡滤波器在双耳再现的重要性，使用扬声器和耳机。此外，提出了一种用于计算这种均衡滤波器的集成框架。开发了一种创新的测量设置，可以快速采集单个HRTF。硬件设计与距离外推技术兼容，这使得描述HRTF的距离依赖性成为可能。通过优化多重指数扫描方法，获得了较大的加速比。使用这种新的设置，可以在不到6分钟的时间内测量具有大约4000个方向的单个HRTF数据集。当通过扬声器回放双耳信号时，需要串扰消除（CTC）滤波器。为了允许听众自由移动头部，需要在多个扬声器之间切换，并且CTC滤波器必须根据跟踪的头部位置不断更新。由于速度原因，滤波器计算在频域中进行。为了对正则化频域计算施加因果约束，提出了一种CTC滤波器计算框架，该框架结合了一种新的多通道最小相位正则化方法。该框架还通过使用加权滤波器计算来解决有源扬声器之间的切换。声音定位测试表明，个性化的CTC系统提供的性能类似于从双耳听，而nonindividualized CTC系统提供显着较低的定位性能。为了在没有额外频谱着色的情况下提供真实的听觉印象，必须充分均衡通过耳机的双耳再现。这样的均衡滤波器是通过反转耳机传递函数来获得的，耳机传递函数在收听者和个体拟合之间变化。为了科普这些变化，提出了一种鲁棒的个性化耳机均衡方法。感知测试表明，在所有的测试情况下，但一个，没有听得见的原始声源和双耳听觉显示之间的差异可以感知。
In this work the importance of individualization in binaural technique is investigated. The results extend the present knowledge on the efficient measurement of individual head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) and highlight the importance of individual equalization filters in binaural reproduction, using both loudspeakers and headphones. Moreover, an integrated framework for the calculation of such equalization filters is presented. An innovative measurement setup was developed to allow the fast acquisition of individual HRTFs. The hardware was designed to be compatible with the range extrapolation technique, which makes the description of the HRTF’s distance-dependence possible. Major speedup was obtained by optimizing the multiple exponential sweep method. An individual HRTF dataset with approximately 4000 directions can be measured in less than 6 minutes with this new setup. Crosstalk cancellation (CTC) filters are required when playing back binaural signals via loudspeakers. To allow listeners to freely move their heads, switching between multiple loudspeakers is required and the CTC filters must be constantly updated according to the tracked head position. Filter calculations are carried out in frequency-domain for speed reasons. To impose causality constraints to the regularized frequency-domain calculations, a CTC filter calculation framework was proposed, which incorporates a new approach for the multi-channel minimum-phase regularization. This framework also addresses the switching between active loudspeakers through the use of a weighted filter calculation. A sound localization test showed that individualized CTC systems provided performance similar to that from binaural listening while nonindividualized CTC systems provided significantly lower localization performance. To deliver an authentic auditory impression without additional spectral coloration, binaural reproduction via headphones must be adequately equalized. Such equalization filters are obtained by inverting the headphone transfer function, which varies among listeners and individual fitting. To cope with these variations, a robust individual headphone equalization method was proposed. Perceptual tests showed that, in all but one of the tested situations, no audible differences between the original sound source and its binaural auditory display could be perceived.