Farmer Reported Pest and Disease Impacts on Root, Tuber, and Banana Crops and Livelihoods in Rwanda and Burundi
Farmer Reported Pest and Disease Impacts on Root, Tuber, and Banana Crops and Livelihoods in Rwanda and Burundi
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DOI：
10.3390/su11061592
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发表时间：
2019-03
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
J. Okonya;W. Ocimati;A. Nduwayezu;Déo Kantungeko;Nicolas Niko;G. Blomme;J. Legg;J. Kroschel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Okonya;W. Ocimati;A. Nduwayezu;Déo Kantungeko;Nicolas Niko;G. Blomme;J. Legg;J. Kroschel
生物制约因素造成了重大作物损失，从而造成撒哈拉以南非洲的粮食不安全。这项研究记录了主要块根、块茎和香蕉作物（木薯、马铃薯、甘薯和香蕉）的普及程度、生产制约因素、病虫害、农民对生物制约因素严重性的看法以及相关作物损失对家庭粮食安全的影响。2014年对卢旺达和布隆迪的811户农民进行了访谈。要求农民列出其RTB作物生产的限制因素，说出RTB作物的虫害和疾病，估计虫害和疾病造成的作物损失，并说明他们的家庭是否因虫害和疾病而经历过任何形式的粮食不安全。马铃薯的地老虎和晚疫病、香蕉象甲和香蕉黄单胞菌枯萎病、木薯粉虱和木薯花叶病毒病、甘薯象甲和甘薯病毒病是目前报道的主要病虫害。在卢旺达，甘薯、香蕉、马铃薯和木薯因病虫害造成的作物损失估计分别为26%、29%、33%和36%，在布隆迪分别为37%、48%、38%和37%。虫害和疾病降低了RTB作物的利润，威胁到粮食安全，并阻碍了投资。需要制定可持续和负担得起的虫害综合防治一揽子计划。
Biotic constraints cause major crop losses and, hence, food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa. This study documented the popularity, production constraints, pests and diseases, farmers’ perceptions on the severity of biotic constraints and the impact of related crop losses on household food security for the key root, tuber and banana (RTB) crops (cassava, potato, sweetpotato and banana). Farmer interviews were conducted in 2014 covering 811 households in Rwanda and Burundi. Farmers were asked to list their RTB crop production constraints, name insect pests and diseases of RTB crops, estimate crop loss due to pests and diseases, and mention if their household experienced any form of food insecurity due to pests and diseases. Cutworms and late blight in potato, banana weevils and banana Xanthomonas wilt in banana, cassava whitefly and cassava mosaic disease in cassava, sweetpotato weevils, and sweetpotato virus disease in sweetpotato were the most predominant pests and diseases reported. Crop losses due to pests and diseases for sweetpotato, banana, potato and cassava were estimated at 26%, 29%, 33%, and 36%, respectively, in Rwanda and 37%, 48%, 38%, and 37% in Burundi. Pests and diseases reduce the profitability of RTB crops, threaten food security, and constitute a disincentive for investment. Sustainable and affordable integrated pest management packages need to be developed.