NEURAL CONTROL OF THE ENDOCRINE PANCREAS
NEURAL CONTROL OF THE ENDOCRINE PANCREAS
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DOI：
10.1079/pns19870012
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发表时间：
1987-02-01
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
CLARK, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MATTHEWS, DR;CLARK, A
90大卫河马修斯和ANNE WARNIK 1987证明，刺激狗颈部的迷走神经可导致胰岛素分泌显著增加。迷走神经刺激后血糖略有上升，他们由此得出结论，神经支配可能也会影响肝脏，或者胰腺同时分泌的胰高血糖素的生糖作用可能先于胰岛素的作用。Porte等人（1973）表明，当胰腺十二指肠神经供应被刺激到胰腺局部时，在灌注的胰腺中可观察到这种现象。这些研究还表明，这种作用可以被阿托品阻断，表明通过迷走神经介导的副交感神经系统的胆碱能神经的刺激。Bloom和Edwards（1980）在一系列使用植入电极的清醒肾上腺切除小牛的优雅实验中证明，内脏神经的刺激引起胰高血糖素和胰岛素的显著升高，并且胰高血糖素的这种升高先于胰岛素分泌。他们还发现刺激后血糖升高，这可以被阿托品阻断。胰高血糖素反应对血糖浓度的变化相对不敏感，而胰岛素反应可被相对高血糖放大。尽管胰多肽（PP）的生理作用尚未确定，但迷走神经干切断术后，正常受试者进餐时PP分泌的增加显著降低（Schwartz et al. 1976）。猪的迷走神经刺激可诱导PP分泌增加，这是对阿托品敏感的，因此胆碱能刺激可能会调节刺激释放，即使基础分泌可能不受神经阻滞的影响（Schwartz等人）。
90 DAVID R. MATTHEWS AND ANNE CLARK I987 demonstrated that stimulation of the vagal nerve in the neck of the dog caused a marked increase in insulin secretion. Blood glucose rose slightly after the vagal stimulation from which they concluded that either the innervation might affect the liver as well, or that the glucogenic effect of glucagon simultaneously secreted from the pancreas might precede the effects of insulin. Porte et al.(1973) showed that this phenomenon was observable in a perfused pancreas when the pancreatic duodenal nerve supply was stimulated local to the pancreas. These studies also showed that such effects could be blocked by atropine, suggesting stimulation by cholinergic nerves from the parasympathetic system mediated through the vagus. In a series of elegant experiments using conscious adrenalectomized calves with implanted electrodes, Bloom & Edwards (1980) demonstrated that stimulation of the splanchnic nerves caused a marked elevation of glucagon as well as insulin and that this rise in glucagon preceded the insulin secretion. They also found a rise in blood glucose on stimulation which could be blocked by atropine. The glucagon response was relatively insensitive to changes in plasma glucose concentration, whereas the insulin response could be amplified considerably by relative h ypergl ycaemia.Pancreatic polypeptide. Although the physiological role of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) has yet to be determined, the rise in PP secretion during a meal in normal subjects is considerably reduced after truncal vagotomy (Schwartz et al. 1976). Vagal stimulation in pigs induced an increased PP secretion which was atropine-sensitive, so that cholinergic stimulation may regulate stimulated release even though basal secretion may be unaffected by neural blockade (Schwartz et af.