Allyl nitrile: Toxicity and health effects.
Allyl nitrile: Toxicity and health effects.
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DOI：
10.1539/joh.16-0147-ra
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发表时间：
2017-03-28
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Tanii H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tanii H
烯丙基腈（3-丁烯腈）天然存在于环境中，特别是在十字花科蔬菜中，表明可能每日摄入该化合物。目前还没有关于烯丙基腈对人类健康实际影响的报告，尽管环境中的个体可能有暴露于烯丙基腈的风险。然而，对其在体内的环境和生物活性的定量评价知之甚少。本文综述了烯丙基腈的研究进展。对有关烯丙基腈的已发表文献进行了检查，以了解其毒性、代谢、各种癌症的风险、产生、摄入量估计和体内低剂量影响等方面的发现。高剂量的烯丙基腈会产生以行为异常为特征的毒性，这被认为是由活性代谢物3，4-环氧丁腈产生的。十字花科蔬菜已被证明在减少各种癌症方面具有潜在的作用。十字花科蔬菜中富含芥子油苷，芥子油苷的水解导致烯丙基腈的生成。在日本，烯丙基腈的摄入量估计为0.12 μmol/kg体重。反复暴露于低剂量的烯丙基腈上调各种组织中的抗氧化剂/II相酶;这可能有助于减少神经毒性和皮肤炎症。这些高剂量和低剂量远远超过摄入量估计。环境中的烯丙基腈是一种在体内具有多种生物活性的化合物，其特征是在高剂量下诱导行为异常，在低剂量下诱导一些抗氧化剂/II相酶。
Allyl nitrile (3-butenenitrile) occurs naturally in the environment, in particular, in cruciferous vegetables, indicating a possible daily intake of the compound. There is no report on actual health effects of allyl nitrile in humans, although it is possible that individuals in the environment are at a risk of exposure to allyl nitrile. However, little is known about its quantitative assessment for the environment and bioactivity in the body. This study provides a review of previous accumulated studies on allyl nitrile. Published literature on allyl nitrile was examined for findings on toxicity, metabolism, risk of various cancers, generation, intake estimates, and low-dose effects in the body. High doses of allyl nitrile produce toxicity characterized by behavioral abnormalities, which are considered to be produced by an active metabolite, 3,4-epoxybutyronitrile. Cruciferous vegetables have been shown to have a potential role in reducing various cancers. Hydrolysis of the glucosinolate sinigrin, rich in cruciferous vegetables, results in the generation of allyl nitrile. An intake of allyl nitrile is estimated at 0.12 μmol/kg body weight in Japan. Repeated exposure to low doses of allyl nitrile upregulates antioxidant/phase II enzymes in various tissues; this may contribute to a reduction in neurotoxicity and skin inflammation. These high and low doses are far more than the intake estimate. Allyl nitrile in the environment is a compound with diverse bioactivities in the body, characterized by inducing behavioral abnormalities at high doses and some antioxidant/phase II enzymes at low doses.