A systems approach to analyzing food, energy, and water uses of a multifunctional crop: A review
A systems approach to analyzing food, energy, and water uses of a multifunctional crop: A review
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分析多功能作物的食物、能源和水利用的系统方法：综述
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148254
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Mihelcic, James R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gebrai, Yoel;Ghebremichael, Kebreab;Mihelcic, James R.
多功能作物可以同时促进多个社会目标。辣木是一种多功能作物，其叶片营养丰富，可用作食物、饲料和促进作物生长的生物刺激剂。它产生含有水净化凝结剂和油的种子，具有化妆品用途和可能的生物燃料原料。尽管辣木（和其他多功能作物）的各种食物-能源-水用途，优化其多种用途和生计改善的好处仍然具有挑战性。有必要采取能够评估农业多功能性和生计影响的综合办法。因此，本文批判性地评估辣木的粮食-能源-水-生计关系的应用，以深入了解其各种应用之间的权衡和协同作用，使用系统思维的方法。一个系统的方法提出了一个整体的思维框架，可以帮助导航作物的多功能性的复杂性。采用“从成功到成功”的系统原型来捕捉对叶产量和种子产量的需求之间的竞争。在能源和水不安全的地区，辣木种子生产被推荐用于其联产石油，水净化混凝剂和可用作肥料的残留物的潜力。在粮食不安全是一个问题的地区，侧重于叶生产将是有益的，因为它在增加人类消费的粮食、动物饲料方面具有重要意义，并可作为生物刺激剂增加作物产量。因果循环图被发现有效地映射之间的相互联系的各种用途的辣木和相关的生计改善。这一框架为利益攸关方提供了一个概念性的决策工具，有助于最大限度地取得积极的生计成果。这种方法也可用于改善其他多功能作物的管理。
Multifunctional crops can simultaneously contribute to multiple societal objectives. As a result, they represent an attractive means for improving rural livelihoods.Moringa oleiferais an example of a multifunctional crop that produces nutritious leaves with uses as food, fodder, and a biostimulant to enhance crop growth. It yields seeds containing a water purifying coagulant and oil with cosmetic uses and possible biofuel feedstock. DespiteMoringa oleifera's (and other multifunctional crops') various Food-Energy-Water uses, optimizing the benefits of its multiple uses and livelihood improvements remains challenging. There is a need for holistic approaches capable of assessing the multifunctionality of agriculture and livelihood impacts. Therefore, this paper critically evaluatesMoringa oleifera's Food-Energy-Water-Livelihood nexus applications to gain insight into the tradeoffs and synergies among its various applications using a systems thinking approach. A systems approach is proposed as a holistic thinking framework that can help navigate the complexity of a crop's multifunctionality. The “Success to the Successful” systems archetype was adopted to capture the competition between the need for leaf yields and seed yields. In areas where there is energy and water insecurity,Moringa oleiferaseed production is recommended for its potential to coproduce oil, the water purifying coagulant, and a residue that can be applied as a fertilizer. In areas where food insecurity is an issue, focusing on leaf production would be beneficial due to its significance in augmenting food for human consumption, animal feed, and its use as a biostimulant to increase crop yields. A causal loop diagram was found to effectively map the interconnections among the various uses ofMoringa oleiferaand associated livelihood improvements. This framework provides stakeholders with a conceptual decision-making tool that can help maximize positive livelihood outcomes. This approach can also be applied for improved management of other multifunctional crops.