Why Cultural Anthropology Needs the Psychiatrist
Why Cultural Anthropology Needs the Psychiatrist
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为什么文化人类学需要精神病学家
DOI：
10.1521/psyc.64.1.2.18230
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发表时间：
1938
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. Sapir
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Sapir
直到不那么多年前，文化背景，年表，文化省。文化人类学、人类学和精神病学的整个性情似乎相去甚远。文化人类学的构想在某种程度上是客观的。在这一科学发展的早期阶段，它作为一门社会科学，几乎不关心个人，甚至根本不关心个人。它的职责似乎几乎是粗俗的，甚至可以说是不雅的，去强调带有某种味道的评论，而不是强调那些属于社会本身的行为方面，无论是个人的还是轶事的。我们的假设是，在某种程度上，至少不是在最不明显的情况下，尤其是在过去黯淡的社会或生活方式似乎如此精致以至于观察方法如此精细的社会中，人类学家有可能得出与我们自己的人不同的结论，以至于人们可以希望构建一幅普遍的图景--陈述将适用于一个特定的社会。一个人很少处于整个社会生活的位置，特别是在其更古老的发展阶段。要说这样一个包容性的陈述是否是一个原始的“无名氏”的默契引述，在泰勒或弗雷泽的人类学中几乎没有必要提出这样的问题，这些问题要求从数百个人的观察中抽象出一个或经过仔细测试的概括，或者比从与许多约翰做的对话中摘录的常见的数百个陈述的基础上可以假设的更密切的个人知识。经验。重要的区别被认为是种族的区别，地理的区别
Until not so many years ago cultural setting, of chronology, of cultural province. The whole temper of cultural anthropology anthropology and psychiatry seemed miles apart. Cultural anthropology was conceived was impersonal to a degree. In this earlier period of the development of the science it of as a social science which concerned itself little, if at all, with the individual. Its province seemed almost indelicate, not to say indecent, to obtrude observations that smacked of the was rather to emphasize those aspects of behavior which belonged to society as such, personal or anecdotal. The assumption was that in some way not in the least clearly demore particularly societies of the dim past or exotic societies whose way of life seemed so fined as to observational method it was possible for the anthropologist to arrive at concludifferent from that of our own people that one could hope to construct a generalized picture sive statements which would hold for a given society as such. One was rarely in a position of the life of society at large, particularly in its more archaic stages of development. There to say whether such an inclusive statement was a tacit quotation from a primitive “John Doe” was little need in the anthropology of a Tylor or Frazer to ask questions which demanded a or a carefully tested generalization abstracted from hundreds of personal observations or more intimate knowledge of the individual than could be assumed on the basis of common hundreds of statements excerpted from conversations with many John Does. experience. The important distinctions were felt to be distinctions of race, of geographical