Teleological Essentialism

Teleological Essentialism
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目的论本质主义

DOI:
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
Cognitive Sciences
影响因子:
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通讯作者:
Shaun Nichols
Shaun Nichols
中科院分区:
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文献类型:
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作者:
David Rose;Shaun Nichols

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占位符本质主义是这样一种观点,即存在一个将范畴成员联系在一起的因果本质,尽管我们可能不知道本质是什么。有时,占位符可以由科学本质填充,例如,当我们获得金的原子量为79的科学知识时。我们对占位符是由科学本质来阐述的观点提出质疑。在我们看来,如果占位符是精心设计的,那么它们就是由亚里士多德的精髓--Telos--精心设计的。利用传统本质主义者使用的相同类型的实验--包括表面变化(研究1)、内在变化(研究2)、获得性特征(研究3)和关于后代的推论(研究4)--我们找到了关于本质是由TELOS阐述的观点的支持。我们发现了证据(研究5),即目的论的本质可以产生范畴判断。
Placeholder essentialism is the view that there is a causal essence that holds category members together, though we may not know what the essence is. Sometimes the placeholder can be filled in by scientific essences, such as when we acquire scientific knowledge that the atomic weight of gold is 79. We challenge the view that placeholders are elaborated by scientific essences. In our view, if placeholders are elaborated, they are elaborated by Aristotelian essences, a telos. Utilizing the same kind of experiments used by traditional essentialists-involving superficial change (study 1), transformation of insides (study 2), acquired traits (study 3), and inferences about offspring (study 4)-we find support for the view that essences are elaborated by a telos. And we find evidence (study 5) that teleological essences may generate category judgments.
DOI: 10.1037//0012-1649.35.6.1440
发表时间: 1999
期刊: Developmental psychology.
影响因子: --
作者:
Kelemen,D
通讯作者: Kelemen,D