Microbial diversity of sediments from an inactive hydrothermal vent field, Southwest Indian Ridge
Microbial diversity of sediments from an inactive hydrothermal vent field, Southwest Indian Ridge
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西南印度洋中脊非活跃热液喷口区沉积物的微生物多样性
DOI：
10.1007/s42995-019-00007-0
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Yu Zhang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhifeng Yang;Xiang Xiao;Yu Zhang
西南印度洋山脊是扩张最慢的主要山脊，它将非洲板块和南极洲板块分开。缓慢的膨胀速度与热液喷口区密度较小、热液活动寿命较短、地幔温度较低和岩石圈较厚有关。然而，适应该地区这种特定特征的微生物群落在很大程度上仍未被探索。为了研究西南印度洋中脊的微生物多样性，我们在新发现的不活跃喷口场田佐场中采集了三个沉积岩芯样本，并使用 16S rRNA 基因的高通量测序来揭示微生物组成。三个采样点的微生物群落在表面非常相似，并沿深度经历梯度变化。γ-变形菌，即交替单胞菌科、亚硝化球菌和JTB255海洋底栖群是最主要的细菌类群。海洋 I 群是我们样本中占主导地位的古菌分类群。此外，还检测到能够进行氨氧化、亚硝酸盐氧化、硫氧化和锰氧化的微生物种群是主要的化能自养生物。在深层观察到硫氧化细菌和锰氧化细菌的富集。与沿不同洋脊的其他喷口区相比，天佐喷口区的古菌和细菌群落都显示出不同的组成。这些结果首次展示了西南印度洋中脊天佐油田的微生物群落，并有助于更好地了解微生物种群所具有的代谢潜力。
The Southwest Indian Ridge, which is the slowest-spreading of the main ridges, separates the African and Antarctic plates. The slow expanding rate is associated with less density of hydrothermal vent fields, shorter longevity of hydrothermal activity, cold mantle temperatures and thick lithosphere. However, the microbial communities adapting to such specific characteristics of this area have remained largely unexplored. To study the microbial diversity at the Southwest Indian Ridge, we sampled three sediment cores in a newly found inactive vent field, the Tianzuo field, and used high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes to reveal the microbial composition. Microbial communities of three sampling sites were very similar at the surface, and underwent a gradient change along depth.Gammaproteobacteria,namelyAlteromonadaceae,Nitrosococcusand the JTB255 marine benthic group, were the most dominant bacterial taxa. Marine Group I was the dominant archaeal taxon in our samples. In addition, microbial populations capable of ammonia oxidation, nitrite oxidation, sulfur oxidation and manganese oxidation were detected to be the main chemolithoautotrophs. The enrichment of sulfur-oxidizing and manganese-oxidizing bacteria was observed in deep layers. When compared with other vent fields along different ocean ridges, the Tianzuo field showed distinct composition in both archaeal and bacterial communities. These results provide the first view of microbial communities of the Tianzuo field at the Southwest Indian Ridge, and give a better understanding of metabolic potential possessed by the microbial populations.