Assessment of Unusual Gigantic Jets observed during the Monsoon season: First observations from Indian Subcontinent.
Assessment of Unusual Gigantic Jets observed during the Monsoon season: First observations from Indian Subcontinent.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-017-16696-5
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发表时间：
2017-11-27
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Kumar S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Singh R;Maurya AK;Chanrion O;Neubert T;Cummer SA;Mlynarczyk J;Cohen MB;Siingh D;Kumar S
巨型急流是从雷暴云顶到电离层底部、高度约90 公里、电连接对流层和低电离层的电放电。自2002年提交第一份报告以来，陆基和天基观测报告了零星观测。在这里，我们首次观测到季风季印度次大陆上印度恒河平原上空的巨大急流。两场风暴各自产生了两架喷气式飞机，其特征迄今尚未记录在案。急流在~5ms内以~7.4ms× 106ms的速度显著上升约37 km，并在~40-80ms内消失，这一速度比以前报道的急流要快。电磁特征表明，它们是负极性的，向低电离层输送~17-23 C的净负电荷。其中一股急流是首次观察到的一种不寻常的形状，它是从缓慢漂移的复杂对流云的前缘出现的，接近海拔约17 公里的最高区域。在连接到低电离层之前，在~50 公里高度产生了~10 公里的水平位移。对这些巨大喷流的模拟表明，巨大的喷流在云的边缘启动时可能会弯曲，垂直电荷分布不对齐。
Gigantic Jets are electric discharges from thunderstorm cloud tops to the bottom of ionosphere at ~90 km altitude and electrically connect the troposphere and lower ionosphere. Since their first report in 2002, sporadic observations have been reported from ground and space based observations. Here we report first observations of Gigantic Jets in Indian subcontinent over the Indo-Gangetic plains during the monsoon season. Two storms each produced two jets with characteristics not documented so far. Jets propagated ~37 km up remarkably in ~5 ms with velocity of ~7.4 × 106ms−1 and disappeared within ~40–80 ms, which is faster compared to jets reported earlier. The electromagnetic signatures show that they are of negative polarity, transporting net negative charge of ~17–23 C to the lower ionosphere. One jet had an unusual form observed for the first time, which emerged from the leading edge of a slowly drifting complex convective cloud close to the highest regions at ~17 km altitude. A horizontal displacement of ~10 km developed at ~50 km altitude before connecting to the lower ionosphere. Modeling of these Gigantic jets suggests that Gigantic Jets may bend when initiated at the edge of clouds with misaligned vertical charge distribution.
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