Voluntary Exercise Induces Astrocytic Structural Plasticity in the Globus Pallidus.
Voluntary Exercise Induces Astrocytic Structural Plasticity in the Globus Pallidus.
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DOI：
10.3389/fncel.2016.00165
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Wanaka A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tatsumi K;Okuda H;Morita-Takemura S;Tanaka T;Isonishi A;Shinjo T;Terada Y;Wanaka A
星形胶质细胞形态的变化主要归因于与神经元的紧密连接形成三重突触并参与神经传递的精细过程。最近的证据表明，神经传递诱导动态突触重塑，表明星形胶质细胞的精细过程可能会适应其形态的活动在其环境。为了在形态学细节上说明这样的神经元-神经胶质关系，我们采用了双转基因Olig 2CreER/WT; ROSA 26-GAP 43-EGFP小鼠，其中Olig 2谱系细胞可以用膜靶向GFP可视化和追踪。虽然Olig 2谱系细胞在成人大脑中通常成为成熟的少突胶质细胞或少突胶质细胞前体细胞与NG 2蛋白聚糖的表达，我们发现了一个人口的Olig 2谱系星形胶质细胞与灌木状形态在几个脑区。苍白球（GP）优先含有Olig 2谱系星形胶质细胞。由于GP在基底神经节回路的间接途径中发挥关键的运动功能，我们对双转基因小鼠进行自愿轮运行以激活GP，并在光镜和电镜水平上检查Olig 2谱系星形胶质细胞的形态学变化。将双转基因小鼠分为3组：对照组小鼠在带有锁定的跑轮的笼子中保持3周，Runner组允许自由接近跑轮3周，Runner-Rest组在3周的跑步期后静坐休息3周。GFP免疫荧光分析和免疫电子显微镜显示，星形胶质细胞的精细过程阐述了复杂的树枝状在Runner小鼠，并恢复到简单的形态与对照组的Runner-Rest组。我们的研究结果表明，Olig 2谱系星形胶质细胞的精细过程经历了与整体运行活动相关的塑性变化，这表明它们积极参与运动功能。
Changes in astrocyte morphology are primarily attributed to the fine processes where intimate connections with neurons form the tripartite synapse and participate in neurotransmission. Recent evidence has shown that neurotransmission induces dynamic synaptic remodeling, suggesting that astrocytic fine processes may adapt their morphologies to the activity in their environment. To illustrate such a neuron-glia relationship in morphological detail, we employed a double transgenic Olig2CreER/WT; ROSA26-GAP43-EGFP mice, in which Olig2-lineage cells can be visualized and traced with membrane-targeted GFP. Although Olig2-lineage cells in the adult brain usually become mature oligodendrocytes or oligodendrocyte precursor cells with NG2-proteoglycan expression, we found a population of Olig2-lineage astrocytes with bushy morphology in several brain regions. The globus pallidus (GP) preferentially contains Olig2-lineage astrocytes. Since the GP exerts pivotal motor functions in the indirect pathway of the basal ganglionic circuit, we subjected the double transgenic mice to voluntary wheel running to activate the GP and examined morphological changes of Olig2-lineage astrocytes at both the light and electron microscopic levels. The double transgenic mice were divided into three groups: control group mice were kept in a cage with a locked running wheel for 3 weeks, Runner group were allowed free access to a running wheel for 3 weeks, and the Runner-Rest group took a sedentary 3-week rest after a 3-week running period. GFP immunofluorescence analysis and immunoelectron microscopy revealed that astrocytic fine processes elaborated complex arborization in the Runner mice, and reverted to simple morphology comparable to that of the Control group in the Runner-Rest group. Our results indicated that the fine processes of the Olig2-lineage astrocytes underwent plastic changes that correlated with overall running activities, suggesting that they actively participate in motor functions.