Effects of earthworm casts and compost on soil microbial activity and plant nutrient availability
Effects of earthworm casts and compost on soil microbial activity and plant nutrient availability
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DOI：
10.1016/s0038-0717(02)00279-1
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发表时间：
2003-02-01
影响因子：
9.7
通讯作者：
Ohno, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chaoui, HI;Zibilske, LM;Ohno, T
蚯蚓堆肥不同于传统的堆肥，因为有机材料是由蠕虫的消化系统处理的。所排出的铸件可用于改善土壤和盆栽基质的肥力和物理特性。在这项研究中，在实验室培养研究中，稻草（EW），常规堆肥（CP）和氮磷钾无机肥（FT）的修正案对氮矿化速率，微生物呼吸，和微生物生物量的影响进行了研究。用小麦（Triticum aestivium L.）还进行了评估修正对植物生长和养分吸收的影响，并验证培养研究的养分释放结果。微生物呼吸和生物量显着更大的CP治疗相比，EW治疗的初始35天的孵育，随后由类似的呼吸速率和生物量的研究结束时，在70天的孵育。在培养的最初30天，EW和CP处理的土壤NO3-迅速增加，分别达到290和400 mg N kg（-1）土壤。到第70天，EW处理的硝酸盐下降到120 mg N kg（-1）土壤，而CP处理的硝酸盐仍然很高。而铵水平下降，在CP治疗的硝酸盐水平随着孵育时间的增加而增加，低水平的铵保持在EW治疗整个孵育。小麦生物测定研究包括两个额外的铸造处理（EW-N和EW2）具有较高水平的N输入的处理。CP或FT处理的植株地上部生物量较低，地上部氮含量较高，且表现出盐胁迫的症状。离子强度和其他盐度指标在堆肥处理远低于在CP处理，表明较低的风险比在堆肥中的盐分胁迫的铸件。所有投料和堆肥的修正案显着增加小麦磷和钾的吸收相比，无论是非修正的控制或矿物肥料处理。结果表明，与堆肥和合成肥料相比，铸件是植物营养的有效来源，并且它们不太可能在容器中产生盐胁迫。出版社：Elsevier Science Ltd
Vermicomposting differs from conventional composting because the organic material is processed by the digestive systems of worms. The egested casts can be used to improve the fertility and physical characteristics of soil and potting media. In this study, the effects of earthworm casts (EW), conventional compost (CP) and NPK inorganic fertilizer (FT) amendments on N mineralization rates, microbial respiration, and microbial biomass were investigated in a laboratory incubation study. A bioassay with wheat (Triticum aestivium L.) was also conducted to assess the amendment effects on plant growth and nutrient uptake and to validate the nutrient release results from the incubation study. Both microbial respiration and biomass were significantly greater in the CP treatment compared to EW treatment for the initial 35 days of incubation followed by similar respiration rates and biomass to the end of the study at 70 days of incubation. Soil NO3- increased rapidly in the EW and CP treatments, in the initial 30 days of incubation, attaining 290 and 400 mg N kg(-1) soil, respectively. Nitrate in the EW treatment then declined to 120 mg N kg(-1) soil by day 70, while nitrate in the CP treatment remained high. While ammonium levels decreased in the CP treatment as nitrate level increased with increasing incubation time, a low level of ammonium was maintained in the EW treatment throughout the incubation. The wheat bioassay study included two additional cast treatments (EW-N and EW2) to have treatments with higher levels of N input. Plants grown with CP or FT treatment had a lower shoot biomass and higher shoot N content than in EW-N and EW2 treatments, and also showed symptoms of salinity stress. Ionic strength and other salinity indicators in the earthworm cast treatments were much lower than in the CP treatment, indicating a lower risk of salinity stress in casts than in compost. All cast and compost amendments significantly increased wheat P and K uptake compared to either the non-amended control or the mineral fertilizer treatment. The results show that casts are an efficient source of plant nutrients and that they are less likely to produce salinity stress in container as compared to compost and synthetic fertilizers. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.