Drought tolerance in modern and wild wheat.
Drought tolerance in modern and wild wheat.
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DOI：
10.1155/2013/548246
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kurtoglu KY
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Budak H;Kantar M;Kurtoglu KY
小麦属包括面包(普通小麦)和硬粒小麦(硬粒小麦)，是人类食物消费的主要来源。干旱是目前世界粮食供应的主要威胁，限制了作物的产量，而且由于耐旱性是一种数量性状，具有受植物发育阶段影响的复杂表型，所以干旱是复杂的。耐旱性是稳定和增加粮食产量的关键，因为驯化限制了包括野生小麦在内的作物的遗传多样性，导致栽培物种适应人工环境，并失去对干旱胁迫的耐受性。通过将干旱相关基因和QTL导入现代小麦品种，可以提高小麦的抗旱性。因此，有必要通过“组学”研究和QTL定位来鉴定与抗旱有关的候选分子或基因座。从这个意义上说，现代野生小麦品种，特别是野生二粒小麦(T.dicoccoides)，具有很强的抗旱性，具有很大的潜力。在导入现代小麦品种之前，干旱相关候选基因首先在分子水平上进行了鉴定，并通过转基因研究证实了它们的功能。在整合了耐性基因座后，进行了针对特定环境的田间试验，并对培育的品种的形态和生理特性进行了广泛的分析，以评估它们在干旱条件下的表现及其对某些地区产量的可能贡献。本文综述了干旱相关基因/QTL的鉴定、干旱相关分子途径的研究以及小麦品种抗旱性改良的最新进展。
The genus Triticum includes bread (Triticum aestivum) and durum wheat (Triticum durum) and constitutes a major source for human food consumption. Drought is currently the leading threat on world's food supply, limiting crop yield, and is complicated since drought tolerance is a quantitative trait with a complex phenotype affected by the plant's developmental stage. Drought tolerance is crucial to stabilize and increase food production since domestication has limited the genetic diversity of crops including wild wheat, leading to cultivated species, adapted to artificial environments, and lost tolerance to drought stress. Improvement for drought tolerance can be achieved by the introduction of drought-grelated genes and QTLs to modern wheat cultivars. Therefore, identification of candidate molecules or loci involved in drought tolerance is necessary, which is undertaken by “omics” studies and QTL mapping. In this sense, wild counterparts of modern varieties, specifically wild emmer wheat (T. dicoccoides), which are highly tolerant to drought, hold a great potential. Prior to their introgression to modern wheat cultivars, drought related candidate genes are first characterized at the molecular level, and their function is confirmed via transgenic studies. After integration of the tolerance loci, specific environment targeted field trials are performed coupled with extensive analysis of morphological and physiological characteristics of developed cultivars, to assess their performance under drought conditions and their possible contributions to yield in certain regions. This paper focuses on recent advances on drought related gene/QTL identification, studies on drought related molecular pathways, and current efforts on improvement of wheat cultivars for drought tolerance.