Racial/Ethnic Health Disparities Among Rural Adults - United States, 2012-2015
Racial/Ethnic Health Disparities Among Rural Adults - United States, 2012-2015
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DOI：
10.15585/mmwr.ss6623a1
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发表时间：
2017-11-17
影响因子：
24.9
通讯作者：
Bouye, Karen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
James, Cara V.;Moonesinghe, Ramal;Bouye, Karen
问题/状况：与城市社区相比，农村社区的健康状况往往更差，获得护理的机会更少，多样性也更差。许多关于农村健康差距的研究考察了农村和城市社区之间的差距，关于农村社区内部差距的研究较少。这份报告概述了美国农村地区选定指标的种族/民族健康差异。报告期：2012-2015年。系统描述：2012-2015年行为风险因素监测系统的自我报告数据被汇集在一起，以评估所有50个州和哥伦比亚特区农村居民在健康、获得护理的机会和与健康相关的行为方面的种族/民族差异。使用国家卫生统计中心2013年城乡分类方案评估乡村生活，这项分析集中在生活在非核心(农村)县的成年人。结果：生活在农村地区的种族/少数民族比非西班牙裔白人更年轻(往往处于最年轻的年龄段)。除了亚洲人、夏威夷原住民和其他太平洋岛民(在分析中合并在一起)，更多的种族/少数民族(与非西班牙裔白人相比)报告他们的健康状况一般或很差，他们患有肥胖症，而且他们在过去12个月里因为费用的原因无法看医生。与非西班牙裔白人相比，所有种族/少数民族人口报告有个人医疗保健提供者的可能性较小。非西班牙裔白人在过去30天中酗酒的估计流行率最高。解释：尽管农村社区的人通常比城市社区的人健康状况更差，获得医疗保健的机会更少，但农村种族/少数民族人口有很大的健康、获得医疗保健的机会和生活方式方面的挑战，当考虑总体人口数据时，可以忽略这些挑战。这项研究也揭示了非西班牙裔白人的困难，主要与健康相关的危险行为有关。每个人口面临的挑战各不相同。公共卫生行动：按照不同的人口统计对数据进行分层，使用社区卫生需求评估，并采用和执行国家在文化和语言上适当的服务标准，可以帮助农村社区识别差距并制定有效的举措来消除差距，这与2020年健康人的总体目标一致：实现健康公平。
Problem/Condition: Rural communities often have worse health outcomes, have less access to care, and are less diverse than urban communities. Much of the research on rural health disparities examines disparities between rural and urban communities, with fewer studies on disparities within rural communities. This report provides an overview of racial/ethnic health disparities for selected indicators in rural areas of the United States.Reporting Period: 2012-2015.Description of System: Self-reported data from the 2012-2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were pooled to evaluate racial/ethnic disparities in health, access to care, and health-related behaviors among rural residents in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Using the National Center for Health Statistics 2013 Urban-Rural Classification Scheme for Counties to assess rurality, this analysis focused on adults living in noncore (rural) counties.Results: Racial/ethnic minorities who lived in rural areas were younger (more often in the youngest age group) than nonHispanic whites. Except for Asians and Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders (combined in the analysis), more racial/ ethnic minorities (compared with non-Hispanic whites) reported their health as fair or poor, that they had obesity, and that they were unable to see a physician in the past 12 months because of cost. All racial/ethnic minority populations were less likely than non-Hispanic whites to report having a personal health care provider. Non-Hispanic whites had the highest estimated prevalence of binge drinking in the past 30 days.Interpretation: Although persons in rural communities often have worse health outcomes and less access to health care than those in urban communities, rural racial/ethnic minority populations have substantial health, access to care, and lifestyle challenges that can be overlooked when considering aggregated population data. This study revealed difficulties among non-Hispanic whites as well, primarily related to health-related risk behaviors. Across each population, the challenges vary.Public Health Action: Stratifying data by different demographics, using community health needs assessments, and adopting and implementing the National Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services Standards can help rural communities identify disparities and develop effective initiatives to eliminate them, which aligns with a Healthy People 2020 overarching goal: achieving health equity.