Freedom within a cage: how patriarchal gender norms limit women's use of mobile phones in rural central India.
Freedom within a cage: how patriarchal gender norms limit women's use of mobile phones in rural central India.
复制标题
笼子里的自由：父权制性别规范如何限制印度中部农村妇女使用移动的电话。
DOI：
10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005596
复制
发表时间：
2021-09
影响因子：
8.1
通讯作者：
LeFevre AE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Scott K;Shinde A;Ummer O;Yadav S;Sharma M;Purty N;Jairath A;Chamberlain S;LeFevre AE
印度是世界上移动的电话接入性别差距最大的国家之一。随着就业机会、健康信息、获得政府福利、银行业务、公民参与和社会参与越来越多地发生在数字领域，这种性别差距有可能进一步加剧妇女在印度社会中的不利地位。这项研究确定了印度中央邦农村妇女不平等使用手机的因素。我们采访了1岁儿童的母亲（n=29），他们报告说，他们至少有一些移动的电话。只要有可能，我们还通过访谈或家庭小组讨论与他们的丈夫（n=23）和大家庭成员（n=34）交谈，了解他们在家庭中使用手机的情况，以及他们对性别和更广泛的手机使用的看法。我们的分析涉及比较妻子-丈夫对，以评估电话访问和使用的差异，以及使用迭代开发的概念框架对女性电话使用的决定因素进行主题编码。虽然受访者报告说，女性可以在不需要许可的情况下使用手机，但这种明显的“自由”存在于严重限制女性实际使用手机的背景下，最直接的原因是：（1）对女性如何使用手机的期望和愿望狭窄，（2）女性依赖男性拥有手机，距离手机较近，（3）女性手机功能较差;（4）女性有限的数字技能，以及（5）时间分配限制，其中女性的休闲时间较少，并且受到不鼓励使用手机休闲的社会规范的影响。我们的框架，提出了妇女的电话使用的远端和近端的决定因素，使印度的数字鸿沟更细致入微的理解。解决这些决定因素对于从重新巩固不平等的性别关系转向通过数字技术改变这种关系至关重要。
India has one of the highest gender gaps in mobile phone access in the world. As employment opportunities, health messaging (mHealth), access to government entitlements, banking, civic participation and social engagement increasingly take place in the digital sphere, this gender gap risks further exacerbating women’s disadvantage in Indian society. This study identifies the factors driving women’s unequal use of phones in rural Madhya Pradesh, India. We interviewed mothers of 1-year-old children (n=29) who reported that they had at least some access to a mobile phone. Whenever possible, we also spoke to their husbands (n=23) and extended family members (n=34) through interviews or family group discussions about the use of phones in their households, as well as their perspectives on gender and phone use more broadly. Our analysis involved comparing wife–husband pairs to assess differences in phone access and use, and thematic coding on the determinants of women’s phone use using an iteratively developed conceptual framework. While respondents reported that women could use the phone without needing permission, this apparent ‘freedom’ existed in a context that severely constrained women’s actual use, most directly through: (1) narrow expectations and desires around how women would use phones, (2) women’s dependence on men for phone ownership and lower proximity to phones, (3) the poorer functionality of women’s phones; (4) women’s limited digital skills, and (5) time allocation constraints, wherein women had less leisure time and were subject to social norms that discouraged using a phone for leisure. Our framework, presenting the distal and proximate determinants of women’s phone use, enables more nuanced understanding of India’s digital divide. Addressing these determinants is vital to shift from re-entrenching unequal gender relations to transforming them through digital technology.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
7.3
作者：
Balasubramanian, K.;Thamizoli, P.;Kanwar, Asha
通讯作者：
Kanwar, Asha
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Potnis, Devendra
通讯作者：
Potnis, Devendra
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Moore, Gary C.;Benbasat, Izak
通讯作者：
Benbasat, Izak
影响因子：
13.7
作者：
Jensen, Robert
通讯作者：
Jensen, Robert
影响因子：
0.6
作者：
Doron, Assa
通讯作者：
Doron, Assa