School food environments and policies in US public schools
School food environments and policies in US public schools
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DOI：
10.1542/peds.2007-2814
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发表时间：
2008-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Whitaker, Robert C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Finkelstein, Daniel M.;Hill, Elaine L.;Whitaker, Robert C.
OBJECTIVE.本研究的目的是描述美国公立学校的学校食品环境和政策，以及它们如何根据学校的特点而变化。我们分析了第三次学校营养和膳食评估研究的横截面数据，使用了38个州129个学区的395所美国公立学校的全国代表性样本。这些2005年的数据包括学校关于全国学校午餐方案提供的食品和饮料的报告，以及在学校的子样本中对竞争性食品和饮料（在自动售货机和点菜中出售的食品和饮料，不属于全国学校午餐方案的一部分）的现场观察。17个因素被用来描述学校午餐，有竞争力的食物，和其他食品相关的政策和做法。这些因素被用来计算每个学校的食物环境综合评分（0 [最不健康]到17 [最健康]）。小学、初中和高中分别有17%、82%和97%的自动售货机，71%、92%和93%的学校分别出售点菜。在有自动售货和点菜销售的中学中，这些来源分别有15%和21%的初中和高中没有低营养能量密集的食品或饮料。食品环境总分显着较高（健康）在较低的年级水平。综合评分与获得免费或减价午餐认证的学生百分比或少数民族学生百分比无关。随着孩子们进入更高的年级，他们的学校食物环境变得不那么健康。绝大多数美国中学在自助餐厅和通过自动售货机出售点菜，这两种来源通常包含低营养，能量密集的食物和饮料，通常被称为垃圾食品。
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to describe school food environments and policies in US public schools and how they vary according to school characteristics.METHODS. We analyzed cross-sectional data from the third School Nutrition and Dietary Assessment study by using a nationally representative sample of 395 US public schools in 129 school districts in 38 states. These 2005 data included school reports of foods and beverages offered in the National School Lunch Program and on-site observations, in a subsample of schools, of competitive foods and beverages (those sold in vending machines and a la carte and that are not part of the National School Lunch Program). Seventeen factors were used to characterize school lunches, competitive foods, and other food-related policies and practices. These factors were used to compute the food environment summary score (0 [least healthy] to 17 [most healthy]) of each school.RESULTS. There were vending machines in 17%, 82%, and 97% of elementary, middle, and high schools, respectively, and a la carte items were sold in 71%, 92%, and 93% of schools, respectively. Among secondary schools with vending and a la carte sales, these sources were free of low-nutrient energy-dense foods or beverages in 15% and 21% of middle and high schools, respectively. The food environment summary score was significantly higher (healthier) in the lower grade levels. The summary score was not associated with the percentage of students that was certified for free or reduced-price lunches or the percentage of students that was a racial/ethnic minority.CONCLUSIONS. As children move to higher grade levels, their school food environments become less healthy. The great majority of US secondary schools sell items a la carte in the cafeteria and through vending machines, and these 2 sources often contain low-nutrient, energy- dense foods and beverages, commonly referred to as junk food.