The Scientific Foundation for the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, 2nd Edition
The Scientific Foundation for the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, 2nd Edition
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DOI：
10.1123/jpah.2018-0618
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Whitt-Glover, Melicia C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Powell, Kenneth E.;King, Abby C.;Whitt-Glover, Melicia C.
背景：2018年身体活动指南咨询委员会科学报告为美国人身体活动指南第二版提供了证据基础。方法：2018年身体活动指南咨询委员会对38个问题和104个子问题进行了回答，这些问题是根据其公共卫生相关性、为公共政策和项目提供信息的潜力、相关科学的成熟度以及对美国普通人群的适用性而选择的。采用标准化方法进行严格系统的文献检索和文献综述。结果：新描述的体育活动的好处包括降低儿童和成人体重过度增加的风险，降低6种癌症的发病率，以及降低老年人跌倒相关伤害。在整个生命周期中，体育活动与增强认知功能和心理健康有关，还与改善心理健康和身体功能有关。没有一定要超过的门槛，福利才会开始累积；对于最不活跃的人来说，收益是最快的。久坐时间与全因死亡率和心血管死亡率、心血管疾病和2型糖尿病发病率以及特定癌症部位的风险升高直接相关。广泛的干预策略已证明在增加身体活动方面取得了成功。结论：《2018年身体活动指南咨询委员会科学报告》为身体活动建议、实践和政策提供了令人信服的新证据。
Background: The 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report provides the evidence base for the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, 2nd Edition. Methods: The 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee addressed 38 questions and 104 subquestions selected for their public health relevance, potential to inform public policies and programs, maturity of the relevant science, and applicability to the general US population. Rigorous systematic literature searches and literature reviews were performed using standardized methods. Results: Newly described benefits of physical activity include reduced risk of excessive weight gain in children and adults, incidence of 6 types of cancer, and fall-related injuries in older people. Physical activity is associated with enhanced cognitive function and mental health across the life span, plus improved mental health and physical function. There is no threshold that must be exceeded before benefits begin to accrue; the accrual is most rapid for the least active individuals. Sedentary time is directly associated with elevated risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, incident cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, and selected cancer sites. A wide range of intervention strategies have demonstrated success in increasing physical activity. Conclusion: The 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report provides compelling new evidence to inform physical activity recommendations, practice, and policy.