Efficacy of downhill running training for improving muscular and aerobic performances
Efficacy of downhill running training for improving muscular and aerobic performances
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速降跑训练对改善肌肉和有氧运动表现的功效
DOI：
10.1139/apnm-2017-0538
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Maeo Sumiaki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Toyomura Junichi;Mori Hisashi;Tayashiki Kota;Yamamoto Masayoshi;Kanehisa Hiroaki;Maeo Sumiaki
本研究调查了下坡（DR）和水平（LR）跑步训练对各种肌肉和有氧性能的影响。18名健康的年轻男性进行了DR （DR组（DRG），n= 10: -10%坡度）或LR （LR组（LRG），n= 8）以与乳酸阈值（LT）相关的目标心率（HR）训练，每次20分钟·次- 1,3次·周- 1，共5周。在干预前后，测量了以下变量：膝关节伸展扭矩（-150,-30,0,30,150°·s−1），腿部伸展力（髋关节和膝关节同时伸展：0.8 m·s−1），深蹲和反动作跳跃高度，反弹跳跃指数（跳跃高度·接触时间- 1），20米直线冲刺和方向改变（Pro-agility和V-cut测试）时间，有氧能力（最大摄氧量，最大摄氧量和最大摄氧量时的能量消耗，最大摄氧量和最大摄氧量时的速度）。在整个训练过程中，各组之间跑步时的心率没有差异（DRG：最大心率的77.7%±4.6% vs LRG: 76.4%±4.6%；所有训练的平均值），而DRG的速度明显更高（14.5±1.1 vs 12.0±1.9 km·h−1）。训练后，DRG显著提高了膝关节在所有角速度下的伸直力矩（9%-24%）和两项测试的方向变化时间（2%-3%），其他参数没有变化。LRG显著提高了最大摄氧量（5%）、低氧时的能量消耗（3%）和最大摄氧量时的速度（7%），其他方面没有变化。这些结果表明，与hr匹配的LR训练相比，DR训练在提高膝关节伸展力量和改变方向能力方面有更大的潜力，但对有氧能力的影响很小。
This study investigated effects of downhill (DR) versus level (LR) running training on various muscular and aerobic performances. Eighteen healthy young males conducted either DR (DR group (DRG),n= 10: –10% slope) or LR (LR group (LRG),n= 8) training at a target heart rate (HR) associated with lactate threshold (LT) for 20 min·session−1, 3 sessions·week−1, for 5 weeks. Before and after the interventions, the following variables were measured: knee extension torque (–150, –30, 0, 30, 150°·s−1), leg extension power (simultaneous hip and knee extension: 0.8 m·s−1), squat and countermovement jump height, rebound jump index (jump height·contact time−1), 20-m linear sprint and change-of-direction (Pro-agility and V-cut tests) time, and aerobic capacity (maximal oxygen uptake, energy cost at LT, and velocity at maximal oxygen uptake and LT) on a level surface. Throughout the training sessions, HR during running did not differ between the groups (DRG: 77.7% ± 4.6% vs LRG: 76.4% ± 4.6% of maximal HR; average across all sessions), while velocity was significantly higher for DRG (14.5 ± 1.1 vs 12.0 ± 1.9 km·h−1). After the training, DRG significantly improved knee extension torque at all angular velocities (9%–24%) and change-of-direction time for both tests (2%–3%), with no changes in other parameters. LRG significantly improved maximal oxygen uptake (5%), energy cost at LT (3%), and velocity at maximal oxygen uptake (7%), without changes in others. These results suggest that DR training has a greater potential to improve the knee extension strength and change-of-direction ability, but has little effect on the aerobic capacity, compared with HR-matched LR training.