Modelling food web complexity: The consequences of individual-based, spatially explicit behavioural ecology on trophic interactions
Modelling food web complexity: The consequences of individual-based, spatially explicit behavioural ecology on trophic interactions
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模拟食物网的复杂性：基于个体的、空间明确的行为生态学对营养相互作用的影响
DOI：
10.1023/a:1018476606256
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发表时间：
1997
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
G. Booth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
O. Schmitz;G. Booth
我们提出了一个原型模拟器，使人们能够探索个体行为对食物网动态和结构复杂性的影响。在模拟中，个体在空间明确的环境中根据简单的、生物学上合理的规则行事。我们提出了一系列人工模拟实验的结果，三营养级食物链用于校准模拟器与现实世界的系统，并展示了模拟器对生态建模的承诺。我们的主要目标是发现导致人工食物链在生态时间和不同营养效率条件下稳定性的生物学特征。这涉及到对一种植物、一种食草动物和一种食肉动物组成的食物链进行定性分析。我们探讨了在高营养效率和低营养效率的情况下，允许异养个体对资源选择（感知和有意行为）做出主动选择的后果。我们发现，个体必须采取现实的行为生态策略，如积极的资源选择，以使系统持续存在，特别是在营养效率达到实际系统中观察到的量级（例如10%）的条件下。我们的结果重申了先前的信念，即更好地理解现实世界系统中食物网的相互作用将需要将动物行为生态学与种群和群落生态学相结合的方法。然而，证据来自一种新的数学视角。
We present a prototype simulator that enables one to explore the influence of individual behaviour on the dynamics and structural complexity of food webs. In the simulations, individuals act according to simple, biologically plausible rules in a spatially explicit setting. We present the results of a series of simulation experiments on artificial, tri-trophic level food chains used to calibrate the simulator against real-world systems and to demonstrate the simulator's promise for ecological modelling. Our primary objective was to discover the biological features leading to stability of artificial food chains over ecological time and under different conditions of trophic efficiency. This involved a qualitative analysis of food chains comprised of a plant, a herbivore and a carnivore species. We explored the consequences of allowing individual heterotrophs to make active choices about resource selection (perception and intentional behaviour) under high and low degrees of trophic efficiency. We found that individuals had to adopt realistic behavioural ecological strategies, such as active resource selection, for systems to persist, especially under conditions in which trophic efficiencies were of the magnitude observed in real systems (e.g. 10%). Our results reaffirm previous convictions that a better understanding of food web interactions in real-world systems will require approaches that blend animal behavioural ecology with population and community ecology. However, the evidence comes from a new mathematical perspective.