Analytical WKB theory for high-harmonic generation and its application to massive Dirac electrons

Analytical WKB theory for high-harmonic generation and its application to massive Dirac electrons
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高次谐波产生的解析WKB理论及其在大质量狄拉克电子中的应用

DOI:
10.1103/physrevb.104.l140305
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Ikeda Tatsuhiko N.
Ikeda Tatsuhiko N.
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Taya Hidetoshi;Hongo Masaru;Ikeda Tatsuhiko N.

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本文提出了一种基于(Jeffreys-)Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB)近似的非微扰低频高强度场高谐波产生(HHG)的解析方法。通过适当考虑WKB解的Stokes现象,我们获得了波函数,该波函数系统地包括电子-空穴对的产生和加速的重复动力学以及由于不同对产生时间之间的相积累(st<s:1> ckelberg相)而引起的量子干涉。使用获得的波函数而不依赖于任何现象学假设,我们明确地计算电流(包括带内和带间贡献)作为交流电场下大量狄拉克系统维度的HHG的来源。我们证明了WKB近似与求解时间相关Schrödinger方程得到的数值结果很好地吻合,并指出量子干涉在HHG中是重要的。我们还预测,在深度非扰动状态下,(1)谐波强度相对于电场振幅和频率振荡,其周期由st<s:1> ckelberg相决定,(2)HHG的截止阶由电子电荷决定,(3)由st<s:1> ckelberg相控制的非整数谐波表现为瞬态效应。我们的WKB理论特别适合于一个参数体系,其中Keldysh参数作为间隙大小很小。这个参数范围对应于太赫兹范围内的强激光,用于实际的大质量狄拉克材料。我们的分析表明,在目前的技术条件下,在太赫兹频率下可以观察到所谓的HHG平台。
We propose an analytical approach to high-harmonic generation (HHG) for nonperturbative low-frequency and high-intensity fields based on the (Jeffreys-)Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) approximation. By properly taking into account Stokes phenomena of WKB solutions, we obtain wave functions that systematically include the repetitive dynamics of production and acceleration of electron-hole pairs and quantum interference due to phase accumulation between different pair production times (Stückelberg phase). Using the obtained wave functions without relying on any phenomenological assumptions, we explicitly compute electric current (including intra- and interband contributions) as the source of HHG for a massive Dirac system indimensions under an ac electric field. We demonstrate that the WKB approximation agrees well with numerical results obtained by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation and point out that the quantum interference is important in HHG. We also predict in the deep nonperturbative regime that (1) harmonic intensities oscillate with respect to electric-field amplitudeand frequency, with a period determined by the Stückelberg phase, (2) the cutoff order of HHG is determined by, withbeing the electron charge, and that (3) noninteger harmonics, controlled by the Stückelberg phase, appear as a transient effect. Our WKB theory is particularly suited for a parameter regime, where the Keldysh parameter, withbeing the gap size, is small. This parameter regime corresponds to intense lasers in the terahertz regime for realistic massive Dirac materials. Our analysis implies that the so-called HHG plateau can be observed at the terahertz frequency within the current technology.
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