Measuring bioavailability: From a scientific approach to standard methods
Measuring bioavailability: From a scientific approach to standard methods
复制标题
DOI：
10.2134/jeq2006.0492
复制
发表时间：
2007-09-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Harmsen, Joop
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harmsen, Joop
生物效应与污染物在土壤和类土壤物质中的总浓度无关。g仅对生物可利用的部分作出反应。污染物的生物可利用部分取决于土壤性质和随时间变化的各种过程以及行为或目标生物。生物利用度可以通过两种互补的方式进行评估：（i）通过化学方法（例如，提取方法），确定明确界定的一类污染物的明确界定的可用部分;和（二）生物方法，将生物体暴露于土壤或土壤洗脱液中，以监测影响。虽然对生物利用度的概念进行了科学讨论，但文献提供了足够的证据，证明生物利用度是风险评估中有前途的工具。有许多方法可用。在土壤保护的监管方面，风险评估应基于确定和评估接触以及测量和评估影响的相同共同概念。有必要建立一个关于生物利用度的统一框架，以促进制定和采用可用于土壤和场地评估的可行（国际）标准方法。ISO/TC 190-土壤质量的“生物利用度”工作组制定了一份指导文件，用于制定和选择评估不同目标物种对几类污染物的生物利用度的方法。.本文阐述了在科学与规范的边界上实现这一标准的途径。
Biological effects are not related to the total con concentration of a contaminant in the soil and soil-like materials. g respond only to the fraction that is biologically available. The bioavailable fractions of contaminants are dependent on soil properties and various processes varying with time and on the behavior or the target oganism. Bioavailability may be assessed in two complementary ways: (i) by chemical methods (e.g., extraction methods), which determine a defined available fraction of a well defined class of contaminants; and (ii) by biological methods, which expose organisms to soil or soil eluates to monitor effects. Although there is scientific discussion on the concept of bioavailability the literature gives enough evidence to recognize bioavailabiliry as a promising tool in risk assessment. A large number of methods are available. Under regulatory aspects of soil protection, a risk assessment should be based on the same common concept of determination and assessment of exposure and measuring and assessment of effects. A harmonized framework on bioavailabiliry is necessary to promote the development and introduction of workable (international) standard methods to be used in soil and site assessment. The working group 'Bioavailability' of ISO/TC190-Soil Quality has developed a guidance document for development and selection of methods to assess bioavailability for different target species with regard to several classes of contaminants. . The way to this standard, on the boarder of science and regulation, is described in this article..