Blacks' Diminished Return of Education Attainment on Subjective Health; Mediating Effect of Income
Blacks' Diminished Return of Education Attainment on Subjective Health; Mediating Effect of Income
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DOI：
10.3390/brainsci8090176
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发表时间：
2018-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Assari, Shervin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Assari, Shervin
背景：少数群体的回报递减(MDR)可以定义为从社会经济地位(SES)指标中获得的健康收益较小，例如与多数群体相比，少数族裔的教育程度。目前的研究测试了收入是否解释了为什么黑人和白人成年人在教育程度和自我评估健康(SRH)之间的联系不同。方法：采用横断面设计，本研究使用2017年健康信息全国趋势调查(HINTS)第5周期的数据。通过一个具有全国代表性的样本，这项研究得出的结果可以推广到美国成年人。这项研究包括2277名成年人，他们要么是非西班牙裔白人(n=1868；82%)，要么是非西班牙裔黑人(n=409；18%)。自变量是教育程度。因变量为SRH，使用标准单项进行测量。年龄、性别和医疗保险状况是协变量。种族是焦点主持人。收入是调节因素。采用结构方程模型(SEM)进行数据分析。结果：总体而言，受教育程度越高，SRH越好。然而，种族和教育程度之间的显著互动表明，与白人相比，黑人从教育中获得的SRH收益较小。这种相互作用可以用黑人和白人的收入差异来解释。结论：我们的研究结果表明，与白人相比，劳动力市场偏好可能解释了教育程度对黑人SRH的较小影响。鉴于这一发现和其他记录MDR的研究，政策应该减少劳动力市场歧视，增加就业机会，缩小黑人的种族工资差距。这些项目应该帮助黑人竞争有声望和高薪的工作。
Background: Minorities' Diminished Return (MDR) can be defined as smaller health gains from socioeconomic status (SES) indicators, such as education attainment among ethnic minorities compared to the majority group. The current study tested whether income explains why Black and White adults differ in the association between education attainment and self-rated health (SRH). Methods: With a cross-sectional design, this study used data from Cycle 5 of the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS), 2017. With a nationally representative sample, the HINTS study generates results that are generalizable to US adults. This study included 2277 adults who were either non-Hispanic White (n = 1868; 82%) or non-Hispanic Black (n = 409; 18%). The independent variable was education attainment. The dependent variable was SRH, measured using a standard single item. Age, gender, and health insurance status were covariates. Ethnicity was the focal moderator. Income was the mediator. A structural equation model (SEM) was applied for data analysis. Results: Overall, higher education attainment was associated with better SRH, net of covariates. However, a significant interaction between ethnicity and education attainment suggested a smaller SRH gain from education for Blacks compared to Whites. This interaction could be explained by Black-White differences in income. Conclusion: Our study results suggests that labor market preferences may explain smaller effects of education attainment on SRH for Blacks relative to Whites. Given this finding and other studies documenting MDR, policies should reduce labor market discrimination, increasing job opportunities and reducing the racial pay gap for Blacks. Programs should help Blacks compete for prestigious and high-paying jobs.