Few Throats to Choke: On the Current Structure of the Internet
Few Throats to Choke: On the Current Structure of the Internet
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几乎没有什么可窒息的：论当前互联网的结构
DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
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通讯作者：
D. Gosain
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. B. Acharya;Sambuddho Chakravarty;D. Gosain
互联网的最初设计是一个有弹性的分布式系统，它可能能够绕过（并因此从）大规模破坏（甚至包括核战争）。然而，网络路由效应和业务决策导致流量通常通过相对较小的一组自治系统 (AS) 进行路由。这不仅仅是一个学术问题；它具有实际意义——其中一些频繁出现的 AS 是在挑剔的国家托管的。除了审查本国公民的网络访问之外，此类 AS 可能会无意中过滤其他外国客户 AS 的流量。在本文中，我们研究了互联网中路由集中化的程度；确定控制“互联网骨干网”的主要参与者；并指出其中有多少实际上处于挑剔国家（特别是俄罗斯、中国和印度）的管辖之下。此外，我们还表明，中国和印度不仅是互联网用户数量最多的两个国家，而且自由民主国家的许多用户也受到这些国家审查制度造成的附带损害。
The original design of the Internet was a resilient, distributed system, that may be able to route around (and therefore recover from) massive disruption—up to and including nuclear war. However, network routing effects and business decisions cause traffic to often be routed through a relatively small set of Autonomous Systems (ASes). This is not merely an academic issue; it has practical implications — some of these frequently appearing ASes are hosted in censorious nations. Other than censoring their own citizens’ network access, such ASes may inadvertently filter traffic for other foreign customer ASes. In this paper, we examine the extent of routing centralization in the Internet; identify the major players who control the “Internet backbone”; and point out how many of these are, in fact, under the jurisdiction of censorious countries (specifically, Russia, China, and India). Further, we show that China and India are not only the two largest nations by number of Internet users, but that many users in free and democratic countries are affected by collateral damage caused due to censorship by such countries.