Sarcopenia, obesity, and natural killer cell immune senescence in aging: altered cytokine levels as a common mechanism.
Sarcopenia, obesity, and natural killer cell immune senescence in aging: altered cytokine levels as a common mechanism.
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DOI：
10.18632/aging.100482
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发表时间：
2012-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Quinn LS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lutz CT;Quinn LS
人类衰老的特征是身体和生理上的脆弱。虚弱的一个关键特征，肌肉减少症是与年龄相关的骨骼肌质量、力量和耐力的下降，即使是健康的老年人也是如此。肥胖的增加，特别是内脏脂肪组织的增加，在老年人中几乎是普遍的，并且可以通过增加统称为脂肪因子的炎性细胞因子的水平而导致肌肉减少症和胰岛素抵抗。衰老还与适应性和先天免疫力的下降有关，称为免疫衰老，这是癌症和全因死亡率的危险因素。细胞因子白细胞介素-15（IL-15）在骨骼肌组织中高度表达，并且在老化啮齿动物模型中下降。IL-15抑制脂肪沉积和胰岛素抵抗，在某些情况下是骨骼肌的合成代谢，并且是自然杀伤（NK）淋巴细胞的发育和存活所需的。我们回顾了脂肪因子和肌因子对NK细胞的影响，特别强调IL-15。我们认为衰老过程中脂肪因子的增加和IL-15水平的降低是肌肉减少症、肥胖和免疫衰老的共同机制。
Human aging is characterized by both physical and physiological frailty. A key feature of frailty, sarcopenia is the age-associated decline in skeletal muscle mass, strength, and endurance that characterize even the healthy elderly. Increases in adiposity, particularly in visceral adipose tissue, are almost universal in aging individuals and can contribute to sarcopenia and insulin resistance by increasing levels of inflammatory cytokines known collectively as adipokines. Aging also is associated with declines in adaptive and innate immunity, known as immune senescence, which are risk factors for cancer and all-cause mortality. The cytokine interleukin-15 (IL-15) is highly expressed in skeletal muscle tissue and declines in aging rodent models. IL-15 inhibits fat deposition and insulin resistance, is anabolic for skeletal muscle in certain situations, and is required for the development and survival of natural killer (NK) lymphocytes. We review the effect that adipokines and myokines have on NK cells, with special emphasis on IL-15. We posit that increased adipokine and decreased IL-15 levels during aging constitute a common mechanism for sarcopenia, obesity, and immune senescence.