Marijuana, Spice 'herbal high', and early neural development: implications for rescheduling and legalization.
Marijuana, Spice 'herbal high', and early neural development: implications for rescheduling and legalization.
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大麻、香料“草本兴奋”和早期神经发育：对重新安排和合法化的影响。
DOI：
10.1002/dta.1390
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Vinod,KYaragudri
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Psychoyos,Delphine;Vinod,KYaragudri
大麻是世界上孕妇使用最广泛的非法药物。在子宫内接触大麻的主要精神活性成分Δ9-四氢大麻酚（Δ9-THC）与后代无脑畸形和神经行为缺陷的风险增加有关，包括注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD），学习障碍和记忆障碍。最近的研究表明，发育中的中枢神经系统（CNS）容易受到Δ9-THC和其他大麻模拟物的影响，包括品牌产品“Spice”品牌产品的精神活性成分。这些exocannabinoids干扰内源性大麻素（eCB）系统的功能，存在于从E12.5（人类妊娠第5周）开始发育的CNS中，并且是神经元增殖、迁移和分化所需的。直到最近，还不知道eCB系统是否也存在于发育中的CNS中，在其个体发育的初始阶段，即从E7.0开始（人类妊娠第2周），如果是这样，该系统是否也对exocannabinoids的作用敏感。在这里，我们回顾了目前的数据，其中证明了在CNS发展的初始阶段存在eCB系统。此外，我们专注于canabimimetics对早期妊娠的影响的最新进展。这些发现的相关性和潜在的不良发展后果ofin子宫暴露于“高效力”大麻，香料品牌的产品和/或大麻素研究化学品在此期间进行了讨论。最后，我们讨论了这些发现在怀孕期间使用合成大麻素的潜在危险方面的影响，以及大麻合法化的持续争论。版权所有© 2012约翰威利父子有限公司.
Marijuana is the most widely used illicit drug by pregnant women in the world.In uteroexposure to Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9‐THC), a major psychoactive component of marijuana, is associated with an increased risk for anencephaly and neurobehavioural deficiencies in the offspring, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), learning disabilities, and memory impairment. Recent studies demonstrate that the developing central nervous system (CNS) is susceptible to the effects of Δ9‐THC and other cannabimimetics, including the psychoactive ingredients of the branded product 'Spice' branded products. These exocannabinoids interfere with the function of an endocannabinoid (eCB) system, present in the developing CNS from E12.5 (week 5 of gestation in humans), and required for proliferation, migration, and differentiation of neurons. Until recently, it was not known whether the eCB system is also present in the developing CNS during the initial stages of its ontogeny, i.e. from E7.0 onwards (week 2 of gestation in humans), and if so, whether this system is also susceptible to the action of exocannabinoids. Here, we review current data, in which the presence of an eCB system during the initial stage of development of the CNS is demonstrated. Furthermore, we focus on recent advances on the effect of canabimimetics on early gestation. The relevance of these findings and potential adverse developmental consequences ofin uteroexposure to ‘high potency’ marijuana,Spicebranded products and/or cannabinoid research chemicals during this period is discussed. Finally, we address the implication of these findings in terms of the potential dangers of synthetic cannabinoid use during pregnancy, and the ongoing debate over legalization of marijuana. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.