Direct and Indirect Effects of Penguin Feces on Microbiomes in Antarctic Ornithogenic Soils.
Direct and Indirect Effects of Penguin Feces on Microbiomes in Antarctic Ornithogenic Soils.
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企鹅粪便对南极鸟类土壤微生物组的直接和间接影响
DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2018.00552
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Cao H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guo Y;Wang N;Li G;Rosas G;Zang J;Ma Y;Liu J;Han W;Cao H
在冰融化的情况下，南极洲海洋企鹅活动的扩大增加了企鹅粪便影响土壤微生物的机会。这些影响的细节开始显现。通过比较企鹅栖息地内部（一个地点）和外部（三个地点）的土壤地球化学和微生物组组成，我们发现企鹅粪便对两者都有显着影响。首先，企鹅粪便改变土壤地球化学，导致水分含量增加（MC）的鸟类土壤和营养素C，N，P，和Si的rookery相比，非rookery网站，但不pH值。第二，企鹅粪便直接影响微生物组成的rookery，而不是外面的。具体来说，我们发现了4，364个操作分类单位（OTU），分属于六个主要门的404个属：变形菌门、放线菌门、芽单胞菌门、酸菌门、绿杆菌门和拟杆菌门。虽然四个地点的多样性相似，但组成不同。例如，企鹅栖息地具有较低丰度的酸杆菌、绿杆菌和硝化螺旋菌，但具有较高丰度的拟杆菌、厚壁菌门和嗜热微生物。引人注目的是，家庭梭菌科的厚壁菌的企鹅粪便来源是最丰富的栖息地比非栖息地的网站，两个最丰富的属，Tissierella和Proteiniclasticum。冗余分析表明，所有测量的地球化学因子在构建微生物组方面都很重要，其中MC显示出最高的相关性。我们进一步提取了21个微生物子网络，其中包含4，318个OTU的4，364使用网络分析，并与所有地球化学因子密切相关，除了pH值。我们的发现f企鹅粪便，直接和间接地影响土壤微生物组，表明企鹅在南极洲海洋土壤地球化学和微生物组结构中的重要作用。
Expansion of penguin activity in maritime Antarctica, under ice thaw, increases the chances of penguin feces affecting soil microbiomes. The detail of such effects begins to be revealed. By comparing soil geochemistry and microbiome composition inside (one site) and outside (three sites) of the rookery, we found significant effects of penguin feces on both. First, penguin feces change soil geochemistry, causing increased moisture content (MC) of ornithogenic soils and nutrients C, N, P, and Si in the rookery compared to non-rookery sites, but not pH. Second, penguin feces directly affect microbiome composition in the rookery, not those outside. Specifically, we found 4,364 operational taxonomical units (OTUs) in 404 genera in six main phyla: Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Bacteroidetes. Although the diversity is similar among the four sites, the composition is different. For example, penguin rookery has a lower abundance of Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Nitrospirae but a higher abundance of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Thermomicrobia. Strikingly, the family Clostridiaceae of Firmicutes of penguin-feces origin is most abundant in the rookery than non-rookery sites with two most abundant genera, Tissierella and Proteiniclasticum. Redundancy analysis showed all measured geochemical factors are significant in structuring microbiomes, with MC showing the highest correlation. We further extracted 21 subnetworks of microbes which contain 4,318 of the 4,364 OTUs using network analysis and are closely correlated with all geochemical factors except pH. Our finding f penguin feces, directly and indirectly, affects soil microbiome suggests an important role of penguins in soil geochemistry and microbiome structure of maritime Antarctica.