The biopolitics of food provisioning
The biopolitics of food provisioning
复制标题
食品供应的生命政治学
DOI：
10.1111/j.1475-5661.2010.00413.x
复制
发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
David Nally
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
David Nally
本文从福柯关于重商主义时期粮食供应的著作入手，探讨了饥饿的道德经济如何逐渐被粮食安全的政治经济所取代，这种政治经济促进了市场机制作为对匮乏的更好保护。在西欧，政治自由主义和自由放任经济的出现极大地影响了饥饿和匮乏如何被概念化和社会管理。在欧洲以外，这些社会力量在殖民种植园的发展中表现得很明显。在这里，非资本主义社会形态向市场经济的转变--哈维(2003)所说的“通过剥夺积累”--是全球供应体系发展的一个基础时刻，该体系破坏了一些人口的反稀缺战略，同时确保了另一些人口的粮食安全。随后“全球南方”饥荒的发现，加上鼓励“落后”民族养成更好的习惯和更纯粹的道德的愿望，创造了进一步的治疗性干预措施的背景，旨在巩固资本主义的食品经济，并得到了评估和维持。这些思考构成了这篇论文的最后部分，我在这里结合了最近的努力，将农业生物技术作为一种有利于福利和反稀缺的应对措施。这一分析超越了饥饿的原因，探索了其战略功能，突显了公司农业综合企业--与生命科学合作--正试图重塑人类、动物和细菌的生命，以加快资本的再生。我称这是食品体系通过分子化积累商业化的新时刻。这篇论文的结论是，研究了企业对食品的管理如何融入到管理生活的生物政治战略中，包括饥饿穷人的生活，因为商业利益取代了人类的需求，这些人的生活被“任其死亡”。
Beginning with Foucault’s writing on food provisioning in the mercantile period, this paper explores how a moral economy of hunger is gradually replaced by a political economy of food security that promotes market mechanisms as a better protection against scarcity. In Western Europe the emergence of political liberalism and laissez-faire economics substantially shaped how hunger and scarcity were conceptualised and socially managed. Beyond Europe these social forces were manifest in the development of colonial plantations. Here the transformation of non-capitalist social formations into market economies – what Harvey (2003) terms ‘accumulation by dispossession’– was a foundational moment in the development of a global provisioning system that undermined the anti-scarcity strategies of some populations, while ensuring food security for others. The subsequent discovery of the ‘Global South’ hunger, together with the desire to encourage better habits and purer morals among ‘backward’ peoples, created the context in which further curative interventions, designed to consolidate a capitalist food economy, were valorised and maintained. These reflections set up the final part of the paper, where I contextualise recent efforts to present agro-biotechnologies as a pro-welfare and anti-scarcity response. Moving beyond the causes of hunger to explore its strategic function, this analysis highlights how corporate agribusiness – in partnership with the life sciences – is attempting to recondition human, animal and bacterial life in order to quicken the reproduction of capital. I term this new moment in the commercialisation of food systems accumulation by molecularisation. The paper concludes by examining how the corporate management of food folds into biopolitical strategies for managing life, including the lives of the hungry poor who are ‘let die’ as commercial interests supplant human needs.
DOI：
10.5860/choice.45-6120
发表时间：
2008-02
期刊：
--
影响因子：
--
作者：
M. Cooper
通讯作者：
M. Cooper
生物动力、遗传学和牲畜育种：（重新）构成动物种群和异质生物社会集体
DOI：
10.1111/j.1475-5661.2009.00347.x
发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Holloway L
通讯作者：
Holloway L
重要地理：生命、运气和人类状况
DOI：
10.1080/00045600902967177
发表时间：
2009
期刊：
Annals of the Association of American Geographers
影响因子：
--
作者：
Kearns G
通讯作者：
Kearns G