Alternative definitions of high risk for impaired driving: the overlap of high volume, frequent heavy drinking and alcohol dependence
Alternative definitions of high risk for impaired driving: the overlap of high volume, frequent heavy drinking and alcohol dependence
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DOI：
10.1016/s0376-8716(98)00165-3
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发表时间：
1999-05-03
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Dawson, DA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dawson, DA
本文研究了18352名18岁或以上的美国饮酒者的代表性样本中过去一年乙醇摄入量的分布、饮用5杯以上饮料的频率和酒精依赖。在这三个部分重叠的领域定义的类别中，它显示了自我感知的驾驶受损率，即在采访前一年饮酒过量后驾驶。大量饮酒者，即那些平均每天摄入1盎司或更多乙醇的人，占当前饮酒者的19.7%，占所有报告的乙醇消耗量的66.5%，占所有重度饮酒天数的72.6%，占所有酒精依赖的49.2%，占所有受损驾驶事故的62.8%。经常重度饮酒者，即每周至少喝5杯以上的人，占目前饮酒者的12.3%，占所有报告的乙醇消耗量的42.9%，占所有重度饮酒天数的81.9%，占所有酒精依赖的40%，占所有受损驾驶事故的57%。患有DSM-IV酒精依赖的饮酒者占当前饮酒者的9.9%，占所有报告的乙醇消耗量的28.9%，占所有重度饮酒天数的37%，占所有受损驾驶事故的56.9%。这三个高风险群体每年至少有一次驾驶障碍事故的可能性，但它们之间的重叠还远远没有完成。在符合高危饮酒（即大量、频繁酗酒或依赖）任何一项标准的个人中，超过一半的人只符合一项标准，只有七分之一的人符合三项标准。符合所有三个标准的那一组有如此高的酒后驾驶事故发生率，平均每年5.14起，尽管只占所有当前饮酒者的3.8%，但占所有此类事故的36.4%。研究结果讨论了针对预防和干预工作的意义，例如，针对饮酒行为的一个问题方面是否也会影响到其他类型的问题行为的饮酒者。(C) 1999由爱思唯尔科学爱尔兰有限公司出版。版权所有。
This paper examines the distributions of past-year volume of ethanol intake, frequency of drinking 5 + drinks and alcohol dependence in a representative sample of 18352 U.S. current drinkers aged 18 years or over. Within categories defined by these three partially overlapping domains, it presents rates of self-perceived impaired driving, i.e. driving after having had too much to drink, in the year preceding interview. High volume drinkers, those with an average daily ethanol intake of 1 ounce or more, composed 19.7% of current drinkers and accounted for 66.5% of all reported ethanol consumption, 72.6% of all heavy drinking days, 49.2% of all alcohol dependence and 62.8% of all impaired driving incidents. Frequent heavy drinkers, those who drank 5 + drinks at least once a week, composed 12.3% of current drinkers and accounted for 42.9% of all reported ethanol consumption, 81.9% of all heavy drinking days, 40% of all alcohol dependence and 57% of all impaired driving incidents. Drinkers with DSM-IV alcohol dependence composed 9.9% of current drinkers and accounted for 28.9% of all reported ethanol consumption, 37% of all heavy drinking days and 56.9% of all impaired driving incidents. The overlap of these three high risk groups, each of which bad a probability of at least one impaired driving incident per year, was far from complete. Of individuals who met any of these criteria for high risk drinking (i.e. high volume, frequent heavy drinking or dependence), more than half met only one criterion and only one in seven met all three. The group that did meet all three criteria had such a high rate of impaired driving incidents, an average of 5.14/year, that it accounted for 36.4% of all such incidents despite making up only 3.8% of all current drinkers. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for targeting prevention and intervention efforts, e.g. whether targeting one problematic aspect of drinking behavior will reach drinkers with other types of problem behaviors as well. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.