What can Captive Whales tell us About their Wild Counterparts? Identification, Usage, and Ontogeny of Contact Calls in Belugas ( Delphinapterus leucas )
What can Captive Whales tell us About their Wild Counterparts? Identification, Usage, and Ontogeny of Contact Calls in Belugas ( Delphinapterus leucas )
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圈养鲸鱼能告诉我们关于野生鲸鱼的哪些信息？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
L. Barrett‐Lennard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Valeria Vergara;R. Michaud;L. Barrett‐Lennard
联系叫声在群居鸟类和哺乳动物中随处可见。白鲸是鲸目动物中声音最大的动物之一，但人们对它们叫声的功能知之甚少。在之前的一项研究中，我们假设一种标记为A型的宽带脉冲呼叫类型，作为母亲和它们的幼崽之间的联系呼叫。在这里，我们研究了温哥华水族馆圈养白鲸群体记录的特定背景下的叫声类型的使用，发现在隔离、出生、幼崽死亡、存在外部应激源以及分离后动物重新活动期间，A型叫声占发声的24%到97%。相比之下，它只占常规课程发声的4.4%。我们将2835个A型呼叫分成五个变种，A1到A5。判别函数分析通过听觉和视觉频谱检查，将87%的呼叫归入我们分配的同一组。这些变体不会重新呈现单独的签名。一种名为A1的变异被三个相关的个体使用：一只成年雌性，她的雄性小牛和他的同父异母妹妹。以前的研究记录了雄性小牛的A1变异是逐渐发展起来的，直到20个月大的时候，他产生了母亲和姐妹的A1的刻板印象。我们利用我们的发现对野生白鲸使用这些信号的情况进行了可测试的预测。我们验证了信号的存在，具有与在圣劳伦斯河口牛群的圈养中发现的联系呼叫相同的独特技能，并记录了来自不同种群的两个野生个体对它们的使用。在圣劳伦斯，这些是由一只母牛在追赶一头死牛犊时发出的。在哈德逊湾，被一名暂时被拘禁的少年。我们认为，这些叫声在自然界中的作用，就像在圈养中一样，是为了维持群体凝聚力，以及相关动物共享的变体用于识别母子。
Contact calls are ubiquitous in social birds and ma mmals. Belugas are among the most vocal of cetaceans, but the function of their calls is poorl y understood. In a previous study we hypothesized that a broad band pulsed call type labeled “Type A, ” serves as a contact call between mothers and their calves. Here we examined context-specific use of call types recorded from a captive beluga social group at the Vancouver Aquarium, and found that the Type A call comprised 24% to 97% of the vocalizations during isolation, births, death o f a calf, presence of external stressors, and re-un ion of animals after separation. In contrast it compris ed 4.4% of the vocalizations produced during regular sessions. We grouped 2835 Type A calls into five variants, A1 to A5. A discriminant function analysis classified 87% of calls in the same groupi ngs that we assigned them to by ear and visual examination of spectrograms. The variants do not re present individual signatures. One variant, A1, was used by three related individuals: an adult fem ale, her male calf and his juvenile half-sister. Ou r previous research documented the gradual development of the A1 variant by the male calf, until at 20 months he was producing stereotyped renditions of h is mother and sister’s A1. We used our findings to generate testable predictions about the usage of these signals by wild belugas. We verified the existence of signals with the same distinctive feat ures as the contact calls found in captivity in the repertoire of St. Lawrence Estuary herds, and documented their usage by two wild individuals from different populations. In the St. Lawrence, these w ere emitted by a female calling after a dead-calf. In Hudson Bay, by a temporarily restrained juvenile. We propose that these calls function in nature, as in captivity, to maintain group cohesion, and that the variants shared by related animals are used for mother-calf recognition.