Global evaluation of the chemical hazard of recycled tire crumb rubber employed on worldwide synthetic turf football pitches
Global evaluation of the chemical hazard of recycled tire crumb rubber employed on worldwide synthetic turf football pitches
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152542
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发表时间：
2021-12-29
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
de Boer, Jacob
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Armada, Daniel;Llompart, Maria;de Boer, Jacob
由于危险化合物的存在，社会和环境对在不同的体育和娱乐设施的建设中使用来自报废汽车轮胎的废橡胶粉的关注正在增加。本研究的目的是评估42种有机化学物质，包括多环芳烃（PAH），邻苯二甲酸酯，己二酸酯，抗氧化剂和硫化剂在大量的填充样品（91）从不同的特点和地理来源的合成草坪足球场。在全世界四大洲17个国家进行了抽样，以显示这一问题的全球性。采用超声波辅助提取法提取目标化合物，气相色谱-串联质谱（UAE-GC-MS/MS）联用。对78个碎橡胶样品以及13个替代材料样品，如软木颗粒、热塑性弹性体和椰子纤维进行了分析。结果突出了所有目标多环芳烃在大多数橡胶样品中的存在，浓度高达μ g g-1，包括8种ECHA（欧洲化学品管理局）认为是致癌的多环芳烃，蒽（ANC），芘（PYR）和苯并[ghi]芘（B[ghi]P），编目为高度关注的物质（SVHC）。内分泌干扰物，如一些增塑剂（主要是邻苯二甲酸酯），和其他化合物，如苯并噻唑（BTZ）和2-巯基苯并噻唑（MBTZ）被发现达到毫克g-1的水平。这证实了在世界各地收集的回收废橡胶粉样本中存在有害物质。三个废橡胶样品超过了20微克克-1的限制，为8个欧洲化学品管理局多环芳烃的总和。关于其他填充物替代品的化学成分，软木似乎是足够的，而热塑性弹性体含有大量的某些增塑剂。此外，塑料填充物以及橡胶屑都是微塑料。微塑料被认为是新出现的令人担忧的污染物，因为它们不能生物降解，并在环境中长时间保留。
Social and environmental concern about the use of crumb rubber from end-of-life car tires in the construction of different sport and recreational facilities is increasing due to the presence of hazardous compounds. The aim of this research was the assessment of 42 organic chemicals, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalates, adipates, antioxidants and vulcanisation agents in a large number of infill samples (91) from synthetic turf football pitches of diverse characteristics and geographical origin. Samples were taken worldwide, in 17 countries on 4 continents, to show the global dimension of this problem. Ultrasound assisted extraction was employed to extract the target compounds, followed by gas chromatography coupled to tandem-mass spectrometry (UAE-GC-MS/MS). Seventyeight crumb rubber samples as well as thirteen samples of alternatives materials, such as cork granulates, thermoplastic elastomers and coconut fibre, were analyzed. The results highlight the presence of all target PAH in most rubber samples at concentrations up to mu g g-1, including the eight ECHA (European Chemicals Agency) PAHs considered as carcinogenic, and anthracene (ANC), pyrene (PYR) and benzo[ghi]perylene (B[ghi]P), catalogued as substances of very high concern (SVHC). Endocrine disruptors such as some plasticizers (mainly phthalates), and other compounds like benzothiazole (BTZ) and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBTZ) were found reaching the mg g-1 level. This confirms the presence of the hazardous substances in the recycled crumb rubber samples collected all around the world. Three crumb rubber samples exceeded the limit of 20 mu g g-1 for the sum of the eight ECHA PAHs. Regarding the chemical composition of other infill alternatives, cork appears to be adequate, while the thermoplastic elastomers contained high levels of some plasticizers. In addition, the plastic infill as well as the crumb rubber both are microplastics. Microplastics are considered contaminants of emerging concern since they do not biodegrade and remain in the envi- ronment for a long time.