An environmental bacterial taxon with a large and distinct metabolic repertoire
An environmental bacterial taxon with a large and distinct metabolic repertoire
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DOI：
10.1038/nature12959
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发表时间：
2014-02-06
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Piel, Joern
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wilson, Micheal C.;Mori, Tetsushi;Piel, Joern
培养的细菌如放线菌是生物医学上重要的天然产物的高度有用的来源。然而，这些“天才”的生产者只代表了整个原核生物多样性的一小部分，大多数是未培养的。未培养的大多数通常被认为是一个巨大的，未开发的新药候选资源，但到目前为止，它是未知的，是否含有天才细菌的分类群确实存在。在这里，我们报告的单细胞和宏基因组学为基础的发现这样的生产者。两种不同类型的候选属“Entotheonella”的基因组大于9兆碱基和多个不同的生物合成基因簇共同居住在化学和微生物丰富的海绵Theonella swinhoei。几乎所有的生物活性聚酮和肽已知从这种动物都归因于一个单一的cytotype。'Entotheonella' spp.广泛分布于海绵中，属于一个环境分类单元，在此被建议为候选门“Tectomicrobia”。Entotheonella化合物的显著生物活性和化学独特性为生态学研究和药物发现提供了重要机会。
Cultivated bacteria such as actinomycetes are a highly useful source of biomedically important natural products. However, such 'talented' producers represent only a minute fraction of the entire, mostly uncultivated, prokaryotic diversity. The uncultured majority is generally perceived as a large, untapped resource of new drug candidates, but so far it is unknown whether taxa containing talented bacteria indeed exist. Here we report the single-cell- and metagenomics-based discovery of such producers. Two phylotypes of the candidate genus 'Entotheonella' with genomes of greater than 9 megabases and multiple, distinct biosynthetic gene clusters co-inhabit the chemically and microbially rich marine sponge Theonella swinhoei. Almost all bioactive polyketides and peptides known from this animal were attributed to a single phylotype. 'Entotheonella' spp. are widely distributed in sponges and belong to an environmental taxon proposed here as candidate phylum 'Tectomicrobia'. The pronounced bioactivities and chemical uniqueness of 'Entotheonella' compounds provide significant opportunities for ecological studies and drug discovery.