Durum wheat genome highlights past domestication signatures and future improvement targets
Durum wheat genome highlights past domestication signatures and future improvement targets
复制标题
DOI：
10.1038/s41588-019-0381-3
复制
发表时间：
2019-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
30.8
通讯作者：
Cattivelli, Luigi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maccaferri, Marco;Harris, Neil S.;Cattivelli, Luigi
野生二粒小麦的驯化导致了现代硬粒小麦的选择，主要用于面食生产。我们描述了10.45千兆字节（Gb）的硬粒小麦品种Svevo的基因组组装。该组件使全基因组遗传多样性分析能够揭示数千年的经验选择和育种所带来的变化。区域表现出强烈的签名与驯化和育种相关的遗传趋异广泛存在于基因组中，在近着丝粒区域有几个主要的多样性损失。染色体5 B上的一个位点携带编码金属转运蛋白（TdHMA 3-B1）的基因，该基因具有导致镉在谷物中高积累的非功能性变体。高镉等位基因，广泛存在于硬粒小麦品种，但未检测到在野生二粒小麦加入，从驯化二粒小麦现代硬粒小麦的频率增加。TdHMA 3-B1的快速克隆拯救了一个野生的有益等位基因，并证明了Svevo基因组在小麦改良中的实际用途。
The domestication of wild emmer wheat led to the selection of modern durum wheat, grown mainly for pasta production. We describe the 10.45 gigabase (Gb) assembly of the genome of durum wheat cultivar Svevo. The assembly enabled genome-wide genetic diversity analyses revealing the changes imposed by thousands of years of empirical selection and breeding. Regions exhibiting strong signatures of genetic divergence associated with domestication and breeding were widespread in the genome with several major diversity losses in the pericentromeric regions. A locus on chromosome 5B carries a gene encoding a metal transporter (TdHMA3-B1) with a non-functional variant causing high accumulation of cadmium in grain. The high-cadmium allele, widespread among durum cultivars but undetected in wild emmer accessions, increased in frequency from domesticated emmer to modern durum wheat. The rapid cloning of TdHMA3-B1 rescues a wild beneficial allele and demonstrates the practical use of the Svevo genome for wheat improvement.