Sister grouping of chimpanzees and humans as revealed by genome-wide phylogenetic analysis of brain gene expression profiles
Sister grouping of chimpanzees and humans as revealed by genome-wide phylogenetic analysis of brain gene expression profiles
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0308725100
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发表时间：
2004-03-02
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Goodman, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Uddin, M;Wildman, DE;Goodman, M
人类、黑猩猩、大猩猩和猕猴样本的前扣带回皮质(ACC)的基因表达谱为人类和其他卡他灵长类动物大脑的基因调控变化提供了线索。ACC是一个大脑新皮质区域，具有人类特有的组织学特征。从生理上讲，在认知任务的执行过程中，个体的ACC表现出更多的活动。在微阵列芯片上代表所有或大多数人类基因转录本的大约45,000套探针中，大约16,000套通常在人类ACC样本中检测到，而在大猩猩和黑猩猩ACC样本中通常检测到14,00015,000套。从基因表达谱获得的系统发育结果与非人类非洲类人猿(即黑猩猩和大猩猩)应该比两者都更像人类的传统期望相矛盾。相反，黑猩猩的ACC图谱更像人类，而不是大猩猩；这些图谱表明，黑猩猩是人类的姐妹群。此外，对于那些映射到重要生物学过程和分子功能的明确表达变化，在统计上显著地体现在数据中，黑猩猩分支至少表现出与人类分支一样明显的调控进化。在人类和黑猩猩祖先的重要变化中，但在人类中，更大程度上是有氧能量代谢基因和神经功能相关基因表达谱上调，这表明神经活动的增加需要增加能量供应。
Gene expression profiles from the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of human, chimpanzee, gorilla, and macaque samples provide clues about genetic regulatory changes in human and other catarrhine primate brains. The ACC, a cerebral neocortical region, has human-specific histological features. Physiologically, an individual's ACC displays increased activity during that individual's performance of cognitive tasks. Of approximate to45,000 probe sets on microarray chips representing transcripts of all or most human genes, approximate to16,000 were commonly detected in human ACC samples and comparable numbers, 14,00015,000, in gorilla and chimpanzee ACC samples. Phylogenetic results obtained from gene expression profiles contradict the traditional expectation that the non-human African apes (i.e., chimpanzee and gorilla) should be more like each other than either should be like humans. Instead, the chimpanzee ACC profiles are more like the human than like the gorilla; these profiles demonstrate that chimpanzees are the sister group of humans. Moreover, for those unambiguous expression changes mapping to important biological processes and molecular functions that statistically are significantly represented in the data, the chimpanzee clade shows at least as much apparent regulatory evolution as does the human clade. Among important changes in the ancestry of both humans and chimpanzees, but to a greater extent in humans, are the up-regulated expression profiles of aerobic energy metabolism genes and neuronal function-related genes, suggesting that increased neuronal activity required increased supplies of energy.