Acute effects of d-amphetamine during the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle in women
Acute effects of d-amphetamine during the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle in women
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DOI：
10.1007/s002130051033
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发表时间：
1999-07-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
de Wit, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Justice, AJH;de Wit, H
基本原理：人们对卵巢激素在月经周期中的相互作用和对精神药物的反应知之甚少。临床前研究表明，卵巢激素如雌激素和孕激素具有直接和间接的中枢神经系统作用，并且这些激素可以影响对精神活性药物的行为反应。目的：在本研究中，我们评估的主观和行为的影响，d-安非他明（AMPH; 15毫克口服）在两个不同的阶段的月经周期的妇女。方法：16名健康女性在其周期的卵泡期和黄体中期接受AMPH或安慰剂胶囊。在卵泡期，雌激素水平最初较低，然后上升，而孕酮水平保持较低。在黄体中期，雌激素和孕激素的水平相对较高。相关测量包括自我报告问卷、生理测量和血浆激素水平。结果如下：虽然在卵泡期和黄体期的情绪没有基线差异，但AMPH在卵泡期的作用大于黄体期。在卵泡期，受试者报告说，AMPH后比黄体期感觉更“高”，“精力充沛和智力高效”和“欣快”，并且还报告说更喜欢和想要AMPH。进一步的分析表明，在卵泡期，而不是黄体期，对AMPH的反应与雌激素水平有关。较高水平的雌激素与AMPH诱导的“幸福感”和“能量和智力效率”的增加有关。在黄体期，在雌激素和孕激素的存在下，雌激素水平与AMPH的作用无关。结论：这些发现表明，雌激素可能会增强女性对兴奋剂药物的主观反应，但这种作用可能会在孕酮的存在下被掩盖。
Rationale: Little is known about the interactions between ovarian hormones across the menstrual cycle and responses to psychoactive drugs in humans. Preclinical studies suggest that ovarian hormones such as estrogen and progesterone have direct and indirect central nervous system actions, and that these hormones can influence behavioral responses to psychoactive drugs. Objectives: In the present study, we assessed the subjective and behavioral effects of d-amphetamine (AMPH; 15 mg orally) at two hormonally distinct phases of the menstrual cycle in women. Methods: Sixteen healthy women received AMPH or placebo capsules during the follicular and mid-luteal phases of their cycle. During the follicular phase, estrogen levels are low initially and then rise while progesterone levels remain low. During the midluteal phase, levels of both estrogen and progesterone are relatively high. Dependent measures included self-report questionnaires, physiological measures and plasma hormone levels. Results: Although there were no baseline differences in mood during the follicular or luteal phase, the effects of AMPH were greater during the follicular phase than the luteal phase. During the follicular phase, subjects reported feeling more "High", "Energetic and Intellectually Efficient", and "Euphoric" after AMPH than during the luteal phase, and also reported liking and wanting AMPH more. Further analyses showed that during the follicular phase, but not the luteal phase, responses to AMPH were related to levels of estrogen. Higher levels of estrogen were associated with greater AMPH-induced increases in "Euphoria" and "Energy and Intellectual Efficiency". During the luteal phase, in the presence of both estrogen and progesterone, estrogen levels were not related to the effects of AMPH. Conclusions: These findings suggest that estrogen may enhance the subjective responses to a stimulant drug in women, but that this effect may be masked in the presence of progesterone.