Shape and representational status in children's early naming
Shape and representational status in children's early naming
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DOI：
10.1016/s0010-0277(98)00022-5
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发表时间：
1998-05-02
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Ebeling, KS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gelman, SA;Ebeling, KS
为什么在日常语言使用中，本体论的区别常常被忽视？为什么玩具熊叫“熊”？Jones和Smith认为，形状是儿童和成人语义表征的核心（Jones S.S.，史密斯，L.B.，1993年，认知在儿童概念中的地位。认知发展8，113-139）。相比之下，Soja等人认为，儿童并不依赖于形状本身，而是依赖于通常由形状索引的其他名称表征（Soja，N.N.，Carey，S，，Spelke，E.S. 1992.知觉、本体论与词义。Cognition 45，101-107）.设计了两项研究来检验后一种假设。47名儿童（2岁5个月-3岁11个月）和32名成人参加。每个人都看到了一系列线条画，形状大致像各种可命名的物体（例如一个人）。对于一半的参与者来说，每一个线条画都被描述为描绘一个有意创造的形状（例如有人画了一幅画）。对于剩下的参与者，每幅画都被描述为描绘了一个意外创造的形状（例如，有人洒了一些油漆）。参与者被要求说出每张照片的名字。我们假设，受试者会使用形状作为命名的基础，主要是当形状是故意的（因此，可解释的表示）。研究结果支持了儿童和成人的预测。这些结果表明，虽然形状确实在儿童早期命名中发挥了重要作用，但其他因素也很重要，包括图片创作者的精神状态（有意或无意）。因此，数据表明，从很小的时候，儿童的图片命名纳入了他们的心理理论。(C)1998 Elsevier Science B. V.保留所有权利。
Why are ontological distinctions commonly ignored in ordinary language use? For example, why is a toy bear called a 'bear'? Jones and Smith argue that shape is central to the semantic representations of both children and adults (Jones S.S., Smith, L.B., 1993, The place of perception in children's concepts. Cognitive Development 8, 113-139). In contrast, Soja et al. suggest that children do not rely on shape per se, but ra.ther name representations, which are often indexed by shape (Soja, N.N., Carey, S,, Spelke, E.S. 1992. Perception, ontology, and word meaning. Cognition 45, 101-107). Two studies were designed to test the latter hypothesis. Forty-seven children (2 years 5 months-3 years 11 months) and 32 adults participated. Each saw a series of line-drawings roughly shaped like various namable objects (e.g. a man). For half the participants, each line-drawing was described as depicting a shape that was created intentionally (e.g. someone painted a picture). For the remaining participants, each drawing was described as depicting a shape that was created accidentally (e.g, someone spilled some paint). Participants were simply asked to name each picture. We hypothesized that subjects would use shape as the basis of naming primarily when the shapes were intentional (and thus plausibly representations). The findings supported the predictions, for both children and adults. These results suggest that, although shape does play an important role in children's early naming, other factors are also important, including the mental state of the picture's creator (intentional vs. not). Thus, the data suggest that from an early age, children's picture naming incorporates their theory of mind. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.