Recent advances in the neuropsychopharmacology of serotonergic hallucinogens.
Recent advances in the neuropsychopharmacology of serotonergic hallucinogens.
复制标题
血清素能致幻剂神经心理学的最新进展。
DOI：
10.1016/j.bbr.2014.07.016
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发表时间：
2015-01-15
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Halberstadt AL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Halberstadt AL
5-羟色胺能致幻剂，如(+)-麦角酸二乙胺、裸盖菇素和梅斯卡林，是某种神秘的物质。尽管这些药物来自多个化学家族，但它们在动物和人类身上产生的效果都非常相似，而且它们显示出交叉耐受性。本文综述了5-羟色胺5-HT2A受体是致幻剂作用的主要部位的证据。5-HT2a受体在人类受试者身上以及在动物行为模式中，如药物辨别、头部抽动反应、脉冲前惊吓抑制、探索行为和间歇计时等中，负责介导致幻剂的影响。最近的许多临床试验都产生了关于这些物质的精神药理学的重要新发现。此外，现代成像和电生理技术的使用正开始帮助解开迷幻剂在大脑中的工作原理。也有证据表明，迷幻剂可能具有治疗效果。
Serotonergic hallucinogens, such as (+)-lysergic acid diethylamide, psilocybin, and mescaline, are somewhat enigmatic substances. Although these drugs are derived from multiple chemical families, they all produce remarkably similar effects in animals and humans, and they show cross-tolerance. This article reviews the evidence demonstrating the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor is the primary site of hallucinogen action. The 5-HT2A receptor is responsible for mediating the effects of hallucinogens in human subjects, as well as in animal behavioral paradigms such as drug discrimination, head twitch response, prepulse inhibition of startle, exploratory behavior, and interval timing. Many recent clinical trials have yielded important new findings regarding the psychopharmacology of these substances. Furthermore, the use of modern imaging and electrophysiological techniques is beginning to help unravel how hallucinogens work in the brain. Evidence is also emerging that hallucinogens may possess therapeutic efficacy.