A novel attention training paradigm based on operant conditioning of eye gaze: Preliminary findings.
A novel attention training paradigm based on operant conditioning of eye gaze: Preliminary findings.
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一种基于眼睛注视操作性调节的新颖注意力训练范例：初步发现。
DOI：
10.1037/emo0000093
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
DeRaedt,Rudi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Price,RebeccaB;Greven,InezM;Siegle,GregJ;Koster,ErnstHW;DeRaedt,Rudi
无法接触积极的刺激是一个普遍存在的问题，与许多情况下的消极情绪状态有关，从低自尊到快感缺失抑郁症。虽然注意力再训练程序已显示出在一些临床人群中作为干预措施的前景，但可能需要新的程序来可靠地减轻难治性临床人群（例如，临床抑郁症）中的慢性消极情绪，例如，更积极的适应性学习过程。此外，关注预测干预结果的个体差异变量可以提高有效提供这种有针对性的干预的能力。为了提供初步的原理证明，我们测试了一个新的范例，使用操作性条件反射来训练眼睛注视模式朝向快乐的面孔。32名健康的大学生被随机分为两组，一组是接受操作性条件反射，让他们注视快乐的面孔（train-happy），另一组是中性的面孔（train-neutral）。在群体水平上，与火车中性相比，火车快乐条件减弱了压力任务后的悲伤情绪。在个体差异分析中，更大的生理反应（瞳孔放大）在快乐的面孔（在基线的情绪面部搜索任务）预测减少情绪反应后的压力。这些初步的结果表明，眼睛注视快乐面孔的操作性条件反射缓冲了压力引起的情绪影响，特别是在那些对快乐面孔表现出足够基线神经参与的个体中。眼睛注视模式的情绪面部阵列可能与情绪反应的因果关系。抑郁症的个性化医学研究可能会受益于通过反馈塑造眼睛凝视模式的新型认知训练范式。基线神经功能（瞳孔扩张）可能是一个关键机制，有助于这种方法的迭代改进。
Inability to engage with positive stimuli is a widespread problem associated with negative mood states across many conditions, from low self-esteem to anhedonic depression. Though attention retraining procedures have shown promise as interventions in some clinical populations, novel procedures may be necessary to reliably attenuate chronic negative mood in refractory clinical populations (eg, clinical depression) through, for example, more active, adaptive learning processes. In addition, a focus on individual difference variables predicting intervention outcome may improve the ability to provide such targeted interventions efficiently. To provide preliminary proof-of-principle, we tested a novel paradigm using operant conditioning to train eye gaze patterns toward happy faces. Thirty-two healthy undergraduates were randomized to receive operant conditioning of eye gaze toward happy faces (train− happy) or neutral faces (train− neutral). At the group level, the train− happy condition attenuated sad mood increases following a stressful task, in comparison to train− neutral. In individual differences analysis, greater physiological reactivity (pupil dilation) in response to happy faces (during an emotional face-search task at baseline) predicted decreased mood reactivity after stress. These Preliminary results suggest that operant conditioning of eye gaze toward happy faces buffers against stress-induced effects on mood, particularly in individuals who show sufficient baseline neural engagement with happy faces. Eye gaze patterns to emotional face arrays may have a causal relationship with mood reactivity. Personalized medicine research in depression may benefit from novel cognitive training paradigms that shape eye gaze patterns through feedback. Baseline neural function (pupil dilation) may be a key mechanism, aiding in iterative refinement of this approach.