Bridge hosts, a missing link for disease ecology in multi-host systems.
Bridge hosts, a missing link for disease ecology in multi-host systems.
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DOI：
10.1186/s13567-015-0217-9
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发表时间：
2015-07-21
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Gaidet N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Caron A;Cappelle J;Cumming GS;de Garine-Wichatitsky M;Gaidet N
在生态学中，物种功能类群的划分在简化生态复杂性方面发挥了宝贵的作用。在流行病学方面，需要进一步澄清流行病学的作用：虽然可以界定宿主的作用，但它们的使用往往松散，部分原因是不清楚宿主的作用与其流行病学作用之间的关系。在这里，我们重点介绍桥接宿主的定义及其流行病学后果。桥接宿主提供了一种链接，通过该链接，病原体可以从维持宿主种群或社区传播到人们想要保护的接受宿主种群(即目标宿主)。桥梁寄主应(1)对病原体有能力或能够机械传播病原体；(2)与维持种群和目标种群直接接触或共享栖息地。示范衔接需要一个整合了生态学和流行病学方法的业务框架。我们用禽流感病毒通过非洲野鸟/家禽界面传播的例子来说明这一框架，并讨论了一系列其他例子，这些例子表明我们对其他多宿主系统的定义是有用的。桥接宿主对于理解和管理野生动物/家养/人类界面的多宿主系统中的传染病动态，包括新出现的感染，可能特别重要。本文的在线版本(doi：10.1186/s13567-0150217-9)包含补充材料，授权用户可以使用。
In ecology, the grouping of species into functional groups has played a valuable role in simplifying ecological complexity. In epidemiology, further clarifications of epidemiological functions are needed: while host roles may be defined, they are often used loosely, partly because of a lack of clarity on the relationships between a host’s function and its epidemiological role. Here we focus on the definition of bridge hosts and their epidemiological consequences. Bridge hosts provide a link through which pathogens can be transmitted from maintenance host populations or communities to receptive populations that people want to protect (i.e., target hosts). A bridge host should (1) be competent for the pathogen or able to mechanically transmit it; and (2) come into direct contact or share habitat with both maintenance and target populations. Demonstration of bridging requires an operational framework that integrates ecological and epidemiological approaches. We illustrate this framework using the example of the transmission of Avian Influenza Viruses across wild bird/poultry interfaces in Africa and discuss a range of other examples that demonstrate the usefulness of our definition for other multi-host systems. Bridge hosts can be particularly important for understanding and managing infectious disease dynamics in multi-host systems at wildlife/domestic/human interfaces, including emerging infections. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13567-015-0217-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.