Evaluation and improvement of ammonia emissions inventories
Evaluation and improvement of ammonia emissions inventories
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DOI：
10.1016/s1352-2310(03)00343-1
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发表时间：
2003-09-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Roelle, PA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Battye, W;Aneja, VP;Roelle, PA
进行了两个案例研究，以改善用于模拟细颗粒物（PM2.5是空气动力学直径小于2.5克的颗粒物部分）硫酸铵和硝酸铵形成的氨排放输入。详细分析了北卡罗来纳州和加州圣华金河谷（SJV）的氨排放量，重点是北卡罗来纳州夏洛特和加州弗雷斯诺大都市区。此外，还为两个案例研究城市开发了一个新的适用于大气模拟的网格化氨排放清单。在这两个案例研究中，农业源占氨排放的大部分。牲畜废物在北卡罗来纳州占80%，在SJV占64%，而化肥施用在这两个领域占6-7%。森林和非农业植被在北卡罗来纳州占5%，在SJV占12%。机动车占北卡罗来纳州氨排放量的6%，SJV占14%。在夏洛特和弗雷斯诺的城市地区，排放量的分布对农业来源的权重较小，对公路车辆的权重较大（公路车辆估计占夏洛特排放量的64%，弗雷斯诺排放量的51%）。夏洛特和弗雷斯诺城市地区的农业来源（牲畜和化肥施用）的排放量估计在冬季下降到约14%。弗雷斯诺和夏洛特地区的土壤和植被的排放量估计值在冬季也下降到约为0。因此，机动车占更大的比例（夏洛特约为73%和76%）。弗雷斯诺）冬季氨排放量，特别是在夏洛特市区。(C)2003 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。
Two case studies are performed to improve ammonia emissions inputs used to model fine particulate matter (PM2.5 is the portion of particulate matter smaller than 2.5 gm aerodynamic diameter) formation of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate. Ammonia emissions are analyzed in detail for North Carolina and the San Joaquin Valley (SJV) of California, with a focus on the Charlotte, NC, and Fresno, California metropolitan areas. A new gridded ammonia emissions inventories suitable for atmospheric modeling for the two case study cities was also developed.Agricultural sources accounted for the bulk of ammonia emissions in both case studies. Livestock waste contributed about 80% in North Carolina and 64% in the SJV, while fertilizer application contributed about 6-7% in both domains. Forests and non-agricultural vegetation contributed 5% in North Carolina and 12% in the SJV. Motor vehicles accounted for about 6% of ammonia emissions in North Carolina and 14% in the SJV. In the Charlotte and Fresno urban areas, the distribution of emissions is less heavily weighted toward agricultural sources and more heavily weighted toward highway vehicles (highway vehicles account for an estimated 64% of emissions in Charlotte and 51% of emissions in Fresno). The emissions estimates for agricultural sources (livestock and fertilizer application) decline to approximately 14% in the winter for both the Charlotte and Fresno urban areas. Emissions estimates for soils and vegetation also decline to approximately 0 during the winter for both the Fresno and Charlotte area. As a result, motor vehicles account for a larger fraction (approximately 73% and 76% for Charlotte and. Fresno, respectively) of winter ammonia emissions, particularly in the Charlotte urban area. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.