Assessment of information processing in working memory in applied settings: the paper & pencil memory scanning test
Assessment of information processing in working memory in applied settings: the paper & pencil memory scanning test
复制标题
应用环境中工作记忆信息处理的评估：论文
作者：
W. Van der Elst;M. V. van Boxtel;G. V. van Breukelen;J. Jolles
摘要背景斯滕贝格的记忆扫描测验（MST）是评价工作记忆中信息加工速度和效率的一个有用的范式。不幸的是，经典的MST在临床等应用环境中使用时存在重大缺陷。例如，它的管理时间长，测试对于老年人或认知障碍的人来说太难了。具有用于评估工作记忆中的信息处理的测试将是有利的，以用于应用环境，例如临床环境中的鉴别诊断。方法对MST进行修改，使其更适合于临床使用，即纸&纸MST（P&P MST）。在健康和认知完整的成年人（24-81岁）的大样本（n=1839）中评估了年龄和年龄外在因素对P&P MST的影响，以建立正常的性能范围。结果年龄和文化程度影响工作记忆中信息加工的各个组成部分。性别不影响P&P MST中的非记忆加工阶段，但影响记忆扫描速度。年龄×性别的交互作用表明，55岁以下的女性比男性扫描工作记忆更快，55岁以上的人则相反。结论建立的P&P MST常模为评价工作记忆中的记忆扫描和非记忆加工提供了一个有用的工具。
ABSTRACT Background Sternberg's Memory Scanning Test (MST) is a useful paradigm for evaluating the speed and efficiency of information processing in working memory. Unfortunately, the classical MST has major drawbacks for use in applied settings such as the clinic. For example, its administration time is long and the test is too difficult for older people or people with cognitive disorders. It would be advantageous to have a test for the assessment of information processing in working memory for use in applied settings, for example in differential diagnostics in clinical settings. Method The MST was modified into a format that makes it more appropriate for use in the clinic, the Paper & Pencil MST (P&P MST). The influence of age and age-extrinsic factors on the P&P MST was evaluated in a large sample (n=1839) of healthy and cognitively intact adults (24–81 years) to establish the normal range of performance. Results Age and education affected all components of information processing in working memory. Gender did not affect the non-memory processing stages in the P&P MST, but affected the speed of memory scanning. An Age×Gender interaction was observed, which suggested that females who were aged below 55 scanned working memory faster than males, and vice versa for people aged above 55. Conclusions The established P&P MST norms provide a useful tool in applied settings when a person's memory scanning and non-memory processes in working memory are to be evaluated.