The Stakeholder Concept and Strategie Management
The Stakeholder Concept and Strategie Management
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利益相关者理念与战略管理
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发表时间：
2010
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通讯作者：
R. Freeman
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作者：
R. Freeman
前一章所列举的变化已经在管理学科中引发了概念上的混乱。从管理咨询公司开发的罐装包装到学术界的理论论文，实践管理者可用的广告数量激增。鉴于管理和组织理论所基于的基本假设正在发生根本性的变化，从短暂的事物中分辨出什么是真实的并不是一件容易的事。因此，在简要介绍利益相关者概念的历史时，我将介绍该概念在学术和非学术文献中的一些用途，并将该概念的发展与战略规划和战略管理文献联系起来。我将设法帮助鲍勃科林伍德和像他一样的经理们通过学术文献和实用行话的迷宫。“利益相关者”的历史“利益相关者”一词最早出现在斯坦福大学研究所（现为SRI国际公司）的一份内部备忘录中，1963年这个词是为了概括股东的概念，作为管理层需要回应的唯一群体。因此，利益相关者的概念最初被定义为“没有他们的支持，组织将不复存在的群体”。利益相关者名单最初包括股东、员工、客户、供应商、贷款人和社会。
The changes catalogued in the previous chapter have spawned conceptual chaos in the management discipline. From the canned packages developed by management consulting firms to the theoretical treatises of academics, there has been an explosion in available ad vice to the practicing manager. Sorting out what is real from what is ephemeral is not an easy task, given that the fundamental assumptions on which theories of management and organization are based are undergoing radical shifts. Therefore, in setting out a brief history of the concept of stakeholder, I will cover a number of uses of the concept in the academic and non-academic literature, as well as relate the development of the concept to the Strategic planning and Strategic management literature. I shall try to help Bob Collingwood and the managers like him through the maze of academic literature and practical Jargon. HISTORY OF “STAKEHOLDER” The actual word “stakeholder” first appeared in the management literature in an internal memorandum at the Stanford Research Institute (now SRI International, Inc.), in 1963. The term was meant to generalize the notion of stockholder as the only group to whom management need be responsive. Thus, the stakeholder concept was originally defined as “those groups without whose support the organization would cease to exist.” The list of stakeholders originally included shareowners, employees, customers, suppliers, lenders and society.