Evaluating the spatial intensity and demographic impacts of wire-snare bush-meat poaching on large carnivores
Evaluating the spatial intensity and demographic impacts of wire-snare bush-meat poaching on large carnivores
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108504
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发表时间：
2020-04-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Macdonald, D. W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Loveridge, A. J.;Sousa, L. L.;Macdonald, D. W.
盗猎肉食危机是对热带森林和萨凡纳生物群落生物多样性的重大威胁，但其对野生动物种群的影响往往难以在大的空间尺度上量化。使用来自南部非洲17个相机陷阱调查点的数据，在卡万戈-赞比西河（KAZA）跨界保护区内，我们表明有可能评估钢丝圈套偷猎对大型食肉动物种群的人口影响，诱捕热点的分布以及整个景观中偷猎流行的驱动因素。结果表明，圈套中的死亡率可能有显着的人口影响狮子（豹狮子）和斑点鬣狗（Crocuta crocuta）的人口下降和灭绝的大型食肉动物在受影响最严重的地区的证据。研究发现，盗猎野猪肉的空间驱动因素是人为威胁分数、环境资源开采、保护区面积和土地利用类型的综合因素。诱捕大型食肉动物的事件在战利品狩猎区比国家公园更普遍。在我们的研究地点，偷猎有可能导致大型食肉动物的数量严重下降，特别是在人口高增长地区包围的小型孤立保护区，导致区域连通性丧失，KAZA景观日益破碎。
The bush-meat poaching crisis is a significant threat to biodiversity in tropical forest and savannah biomes, however its impacts on wild animal populations are often difficult to quantify across large spatial scales. Using data from 17 camera trap survey sites in southern Africa, within the Kavango-Zambezi (KAZA) Transfrontier Conservation Area, we show it is possible to assess the demographic impact of wire-snare bush-meat poaching on large carnivore populations, distribution of snaring hotspots and drivers of bush-meat poaching prevalence across this landscape. Results suggest that mortalities in snares may have significant demographic effects on lions (Panthera leo) and spotted hyaenas (Crocuta crocuta) with evidence for population declines and extirpation of large carnivores in the most heavily affected areas. Spatial drivers of bush-meat poaching were found to be a composite of anthropogenic threat scores, environmental resource extraction, protected area size and land-use type. Incidences of snared large carnivores were more prevalent in trophy hunting areas than national parks. Across our study sites, bush-meat poaching has the potential to cause severe declines in populations of large carnivores, particularly in small isolated protected areas surrounded by areas of high human population growth, with resulting loss of regional connectivity and increasing fragmentation of the KAZA landscape.