Modelling the global burden of drug-resistant tuberculosis avertable by a post-exposure vaccine.

Modelling the global burden of drug-resistant tuberculosis avertable by a post-exposure vaccine.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41467-020-20731-x
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发表时间:
2021-01-18
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
Arinaminpathy N
Arinaminpathy N
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Fu H;Lewnard JA;Frost I;Laxminarayan R;Arinaminpathy N

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在为成人和青少年研制活动性结核病疫苗方面取得了显著进展。使用数学模型,我们试图估计暴露后结核病疫苗的潜在影响,在减少活动性疾病方面具有50%的功效,对全球利福平耐药(RR-)结核病负担。在2018年占全球RR-TB发病率90%的30个国家中,未来的TB疫苗可以在2020-2035年期间避免10%(95%可信区间:9.7-11%)的RR-TB病例和7.3%(6.6-8.1%)的死亡,其中印度,中国,印度尼西亚,巴基斯坦和俄罗斯联邦的贡献最大。如果与RR-TB诊断和治疗的改善相结合,这种影响将分别增加到14%(12-16%)和31%(29-33%),相对于没有疫苗和没有这种改善的情况。未来的结核病疫苗可能对全球控制RR-TB产生重要影响,特别是如果与加强耐药性管理同时实施。预防结核病进展的疫苗在最近的试验中显示出有希望的结果。在这里,作者使用数学模型估计,这种类型的疫苗可以避免10%的利福平耐药结核病病例和7%的死亡从2020年到2035年。
There have been notable advances in the development of vaccines against active tuberculosis (TB) disease for adults and adolescents. Using mathematical models, we seek to estimate the potential impact of a post-exposure TB vaccine, having 50% efficacy in reducing active disease, on global rifampicin-resistant (RR-) TB burden. In 30 countries that together accounted for 90% of global RR-TB incidence in 2018, a future TB vaccine could avert 10% (95% credible interval: 9.7–11%) of RR-TB cases and 7.3% (6.6–8.1%) of deaths over 2020–2035, with India, China, Indonesia, Pakistan, and the Russian Federation having the greatest contribution. This impact would increase to 14% (12–16%) and 31% (29–33%) respectively, when combined with improvements in RR-TB diagnosis and treatment relative to a scenario of no vaccine and no such improvements. A future TB vaccine could have important implications for the global control of RR-TB, especially if implemented alongside enhancements in management of drug resistance. Vaccines preventing tuberculosis disease progression have shown promising results in recent trials. Here, the authors use mathematical modelling to estimate that this type of vaccine could avert 10% of cases of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis and 7% of deaths from 2020-2035.
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